Influence of National Cultures on Personality in the Light...

Oskar and Jack Yufe, born in 1934 in Trinidad and parted at six months old, were raised in different countries and cultures by their separated parents. Their father was Jewish, their mother German Catholic. Jack, a white Jew, was brought up by his father among blacks in Trinidad and later became an officer in the Israeli Navy. Oskar was raised Catholic by his mother and grandmother in Switzerland, heavily influenced by the Nazi regime. Meeting for the first time at twenty-one, they found each other’s political and religious views intolerable. Brought back together again in 1970s by Professor Bouchard of the University of Minnesota, the two are still struggling with the ideological and ethnic circumstances that have defined their†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, they correlate with low power distance. Openness to experience was correlated with high masculinity and low power distance. In cultures of high masculinity, people tend to overrate their own performance, and l ow power distance stimulates independent exploration. Agreeableness correlates with low uncertainty avoidance, so in cultures with higher tolerance, people score themselves as more agreeable. Everyone has her or his unique personality, history, and interest. Yet all people share a common human nature, which is intensely social: we are group animals. We use language and empathy, and practice collaboration and intergroup competition. But the unwritten rules of how we do these things differ from one human group to another. Culture is how we call these unwritten rules, moral standards about how to be a good member of the group, defining the group as a â€Å"moral circle†. This applies to groups based on national, religious, or ethnic boundaries, but also on occupation or academic discipline, on club membership, adored idol, or dress style. To get things done, we still need to cooperate with members of other groups carrying other cultures. Behavioral gaming has proved to be of enormous value for learning interpersonal skills. It has also been applied to intercultural contexts, using culture as a role profile in games that also have other content matter. Such games can serve to experiment withShow MoreRelatedCultural Distance For Coca Cola3396 Words   |  14 PagesCultural distance is one of the popular terminologies used in business context especially in marketing discipline. It has been presented as the dimension which indicates that cultural distance can be measured in context to particular organization. Several researched have been conducted in order to develop the suitable method for measuring the cultural distance. Some of the research attempts for measuring cultural distance include Trompenaars and Hofstede which include extrapolating data by distributingRead MoreBeyond Sophisticated Stereotyping10228 Words   |  41 PagesBeyond Sophisticated Stereotyping: Cultural Sensemaking in Context [and Executive Commentaries] Author(s): Joyce S. Osland, Allan Bird, June Delano and Mathew Jacob Source: The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), Vol. 14, No. 1, Themes: Forming Impressions and Giving Feedback (Feb., 2000), pp. 65-79 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4165609 . 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My perception on Knowledge, Belief and Evidence Free Essays

If I am asked, â€Å"What besides the true belief do you need in order to have knowledge?† I would answer that in order to have knowledge I need good reasons besides true belief. Those reasons should be able to provide enough evidences that would put the belief beyond any reasonable doubt and should be aligned to the capacity of my senses. Thus, in my idea, I can have knowledge only when it becomes a ‘properly grounded, true belief’. We will write a custom essay sample on My perception on Knowledge, Belief and Evidence or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a question like â€Å"When do you have good reason for doubting that a proposition is true?† arises, I would answer that I could have good reason for doubting a proposition to be true, when I would have justifiable evidence challenging that proposition, to the extent of providing good reasons for not believing the proposition in question. In my view, a proposition should not have any equally potent counterpoints (i.e., credible and aligned to my senses) towards establishing its truth. And if some asks me, â€Å"Is faith a source of knowledge?† My answer will be, â€Å"No, Faith is not a source of knowledge to me. It is a choice of belief without any reasoning supported by evidence. It cannot be the source of knowledge, because I cannot make something true by believing it to be true. At best, Faith is something that I can induce onto someone under the parameters of human behavior to get a desired result – which, again, is dependent on belief backed by reasoning enriched with evidence.† Ends How to cite My perception on Knowledge, Belief and Evidence, Essay examples

Obesity - Prevalence - Prevention and Treatment

Question: Discuss about theObesity,Prevalence,Prevention and Treatment. Answer: Introduction This paper includes information about the obesity, criteria for obesity, its prevalence mainly in Australia and US, role of healthcare professionals in obesity management, its impact on society, medication and non-medication management of obesity. Definition of Obesity According WHO, obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Obesity may be caused due to disproportionate food energy consumption, lack of exercise or sedentary lifestyle, genetics, family history, medical or psychological complications, lack of sleep, endocrine disruptors and smoking. Person becomes obsess when there is calorie intake in the form of food is in excess of calorie burnt through exercise or physical work. Obese condition can be evaluated based on the three parameters like body weight, Body mass index (BMI) and fat content. World Health Organization (WHO) and Standards Listed in Metropolitan Life Insurance mentioned that increase in the body weight 20 % or more, should be considered as obesity. BMI is calculated by body mass divided by square of body height and it is expressed as in units of kg/m2. As per WHO, BMI greater than 30 is considered as obesity (WHO,2016). Third evaluation criteria for obesity is body fat (VanPutt e et al., 2014). Other than above mentioned parameters obesity can also be measured in terms of abdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity can be measured by waist size measurement and this measurement is devoid of BMI consideration. Person can be considered obese with waist size of 35 inches or more and 40 inches or more in women and men respectively. Obesity is more common disease in women as compared to the men. Out of the total obesity population around 10 percent are men and 14 percent are women. Obesity is not a permanent condition. Obesity can be controlled by proper diet, exercise and proper medication. Prevalence in United States and Australia Worldwide obesity is one of most serious public health problem. Prevalence of obesity is there in both developed and developing countries. In last decade, it has pulled off global recognition. According to WHO estimate around 600 million people are obese worldwide (WHO, 2016). Rate of prevalence of obesity differ from one region to different region based on the dietery and lifestyle habits. North America has higher prevalence rate. Prevalence of Obesity in United States With the global trend, in US also female are more obese as compared to male. In US 20 % male and 25 % female are obese out of the total obese population. In adults, obesity is more serious problem in US. About 36.5 % of the total US adults are obese. In US non-Hispanic blacks have highest rate of obesity with (48.1 % ) obesity, followed by non-Hispanic whites at 34.5%, and non-Hispanic Asians at 11.7%. In terms of age obesity is more prevalence of obesity is more in middle aged people between 40-59 years with the rate of 40.2 % followed by older adults with age more than p0 years with rate of 37.0 % and younger adults in the age between 20-39 have rate of 32.3 % (CDC, 2016). Prevalence of Obesity in Australia Australia is also one of the countries facing obesity problem. Cost of expenditure for obesity is around $830 million in Australia. In Australia 48% of men and 30% of women above the age of 18 years are overweight. In the same age group population 19% of men and 22% of women are obese. In Australia, prevalence of obesity increases with age of the people. People in the age group of 65-74 are 74.9 % either obese or overweight. 36.4 % people in the age group between 18-24 years age are obese or overweight. People living in the urban areas with Australian aboriginal population have more prevalence of obesity as compared to the general population and particularly women. Children and adolescents from Europe or middle-east cultural backgrounds have higher rate of obesity than other English speaking or Asia backgrounds. (Hayes, et al., 2016). Role of Health Care Professional: Nurse: Nurse should educate and motivate people about the healthy food, health and adequate nutrition. Nurse should keep record of people weight and plan nursing plan in terms of food and physical activity accordingly. Nurse should advice people to practice brisk walking, jogging or cycling to work on regular basis. Nurse should evaluate risk factors and family history of people. This information helps nurse to plan for specific nutrition and exercise for people with family history of obesity. Nurses should advice people to reduce smoking and alcohol consumption. Nurse should advice people to maintain ideal lifestyle habits throughout the life and it should not be stopped once weight is in control (Ackley and Ladwig, 2014; Doenges et al., 2016). Nutritionist: Nutritionist can help obese people to reduce body weight and maintain reduced body weight for life long. Nutritionist helps obese people to change their eating habits according to their interest in food, lifestyle of people, emotional status and physical activity level. Nutritionist can plan diet of people after studying their history of diet so that people should take suitable diet. Nutritionist plan realistic and achievable calorie measured diet and optimum exercise programme for people. Nutritionist asses body weight of people on regular basis and change dietary plan of accordingly (Hoelscher et al., 2013). Impact on Community: Obesity is risk factor for other diseases like mental health problems, liver disease, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, muscular skeletal disease, some cancers, and respiratory disease. All these disease together leads to the disability in the people and more life span in ill health condition which causes social burden and cost implication on the society. There is also possibility that people with obesity may have social isolation, negative perception from society and reduced income. Due to diseased condition, there is also deprived quality of life and wellbeing of the society. Due to obesity people may have psychological effects like anxiety and depression and these conditions of people leads to the negative impact on society and disturbed society (Puhl and Brownell, 2011). Prevention and Treatment for Obesity There are different treatment and management strategies are available for obesity. These treatment and management strategies comprised of life style modification, diet modification, psychological therapy, exercise and physical activity, surgical interventions and medication therapy. In most of the cases two or three treatment and management strategies are practiced in combination. In diet modification treatment and management strategy, patient should take good and drink according to the nutritional requirements and physical activity. Foods advised for obesity control are like wholegrain products, high fiber containing food, food low in saturated and trans fat, fruits and vegetables. Person with obesity should avoid to take alcohol and sugar containing food. To treat obesity, diet with an energy deficit of 500kcal/day and a low energy density food is recommended (Wirth et al., 2014). This type of food helps in weight loss and maintain of reduced weight. Formula products with low energy content are also recommended for obesity control. Regular three meals a day at regular intervals is recommended. Self-assessment of obesity with eating habit is advisable. Person should keep record of his or her daily intake and corresponding change in body weight. Person should be consistent with eating habit and it should not be changed on holidays and weekends (Uerlich et al., 2016). Life style modification is very efficient prevention and treatment for obesity. Lifestyle in which there is very less physical activity is involved like sitting for longer duration in office leads to the weight gain. Obesity can be prevented or weight can be managed effectively by performing exercise and physical activity on daily basis. Weight gain also can be managed by participating more in outdoor activities as compared to indoor activities. For adults physical activity and exercise for 2 hrs per week is recommended. With more body weight, person should extend exercise for more than 2.5 hrs per week. Life style modification not only control obesity but also manage other diseases associated with the obesity (Unick, et al., 2013). There is abundant literature available for the medication management of obesity. It has been well reported that Orlistat, lorcaserin, and phentermine, when used as additional management strategy along with lifestyle intervention, there is more than five percent weight loss in a period of one year. As obesity is associated with other diseases, it is better to have medication treatment along with lifestyle interventions because it is evident from the literature that combined implementation of medication and lifestyle intervention have more beneficial outcome as compared to the medication alone (Kahan et al., 2013). Obesity medication should be consumed for the longer duration, hence obesity medication is associated with adverse effects. In these circumstances, obesity medication should be weighed alongside beneficial effects of obesity medication (Lauer, 2012). Currently available medications for obesity can reduce body weight in the range of 3-9 % in one year. Obstacles to the long te rm use obesity medication include cost of the treatment, opinion of inadequate efficacy, safety issues and unwillingness to consider obesity as disease (Yanovski and Yanovski, 2014). Figure: Successfully treating obesity requires integration of multiple approaches (Dixon, 2016) . Quote: Not one single country has managed to turn around its obesity epidemic in all age groups. This is not a failure of individual will-power. This failure of political will to take on big business. Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) for 200617. Conclusion Obesity is a chronic condition associated with the augmented body fat and weight gain resulting in numerous serious health complications. There are multiple factors responsible for the occurrence of obesity. Hence, for treatment and management also multiple options are available. These treatment and management are more effective in combination as compared to the individual intervention. References: Ackley, B.J., and Ladwig, G. B. (2014). Nursing Diagnosis Handbook,An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care. Mosby Elsevier. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2016). Obesity and overweight. Retrived from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/obesity-overweight.htm on 27 September 2016. Dixon, J. B. (2016). Obesity in 2015: Advances in managing obesity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 12, 6566. Doenges, M. E., Moorhouse, M. F. and Murr, A. C. (2016). Nursing Diagnosis Manual: Planning, Individualizing, and Documenting Client Care. (5th Ed.). F.A. Davis Company. Hayes, A.J., Lung, T.W., Bauman, A., and Howard, K. (2016). Modellingobesitytrends inAustralia: Unravelling the past and predicting the future. International Journal of Obesity, doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.165. Hoelscher, D.M., Kirk, S., Ritchie, L., and Cunningham-Sabo, L. (2013). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: interventions for the prevention and treatment of pediatric overweight and obesity. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(10), 1375-94. Kahan, S., Ferguson, C., David, S., and Divine, L. (2013). Obesity drug outcome measures: Results of a multi-stakeholder critical dialoque. Current Obesity Reports, 2(2), 128133. Lauer, M.S. (2012). Lemons for obesity. Annals of Internal Medicine, 157(2), 139140. Puhl, R., and Brownell, K.D. (2011). Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity. Obesity Research, 9(12), 788805. Uerlich, M.F., Yumuk, V., Finer, N., Basdevant, A., and Visscher, T.L. (2016). Obesity Management in Europe: Current Status and Objectives for the Future. Obesity Facts, 9(4), 273-83. Unick, J.L., Beavers, D., Bond, D.S., Clark, J.M., et al., (2013). The long-term effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in severely obese individuals. American Journal of Medicine, 126(3), 236-42. VanPutte, C., Regan, J., and Russo, A. (2014). Seeley's Anatomy Physiology. (10th Ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. World Health Organization (WHO). (2016). Obesity and overweight. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ on 27 September 2016. World Health Organization (WHO) (2016). Global Health Observatory Data repository, Obesity. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.2450A?lang=en on 27 September 2016. Wirth, A., Wabitsch, M., and Hauner, H., (2014). The Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 111(42), 705-713. Yanovski, S. Z., and Yanovski, J. A. (2014). Long-term Drug Treatment for Obesity: A Systematic and Clinical Review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 311(1), 7486.

What Is Enlightenment According to Kant Essay Example

What Is Enlightenment According to Kant? Essay For 100s of old ages inquiries such as what is enlightenment and how can we be enlightened were asked. and many different replies were given. Some tell that it is all about being educated. cognizing few linguistic communications or being a great mathematician or a author ; others. on contrary. say that is non about academic instruction. but about instruction of our psyches. that brings harmoniousness and repose. But every informant has its ain truth. So in 1784. philosopher Immanuel Kant wrote What is Enlightenment? and told that Enlightenment is man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage . In other words Kant means that being enlightened agencies to be self-sufficing and hardworking by agencies of being free. honest and responsible. Independence is a province of being free from one’s changeless attention and support. As Kant said freedom is the possible manner to enlightenment ; But that the populace should edify itself is more possible ; so if merely freedom is granted enlightenment is about certain to follow . But being independent is non something that is put in us from the start ; from the really get downing people ever tend to look up for aid and support. Get downing from our childhood. we ever depend on people that are around us. For illustration. parents are ever at that place to assist us no affair what and protect us every clip there is a demand. Of class. it is obvious that without parents we merely wouldn’t survive in this universe. But as we grow up we get used to this province. when we’re taken attention of. Later on. used to this changeless attention. we start to mistreat it. Kant said For any individual person to work himself out of the life under tuition. which has become about his nature. is really hard. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Enlightenment According to Kant? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Enlightenment According to Kant? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Enlightenment According to Kant? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He has come to be fond of his province. and he is for the present truly incapable of doing usage of his reason . Hence. when there is something unknown on our manner and there is no 1 to state us what to make or make it for us. we merely seek to avoid our ain jobs. Therefore. we neer learn to be independent. because we have neither cognition. nor bravery to confront our jobs and seek to work out them ourselves. As an illustration. I have a younger sister. who is non much younger than me. so she’s able to take attention of herself ; she does her jobs such as pressing her ain apparels or rinsing them and etc. Unfortunately she neer cooks for herself ; because. ever holding our female parent or me by her side. she neer tried cooking even one time. And when I scold her. stating that she must larn how to cook. she ever replies me with: Why do I need to cognize how to cook if you are ever traveling to be by my side? Besides Kant said Laziness and cowardliness are the grounds why so great a part of world. after nature has long since discharged them from external way. however remains under womb-to-tomb tutelage . As an illustration. I have a cousin. who neer even thinks to make things himself. All his life he had parents. siblings and even amahs to transport out his responsibilities and take attention of him. In other words. if he can merely pay – others will easy set about the boring work for him . But one time he will be left entirely. without any financess. he won’t be able to make anything. Further. Kant tells us that. although we’re free to make. believe and state what we want. we still can’t make this. because we have boundaries and bounds ; we have Torahs and regulations to follow. if non so we’ll be judged and punished. Kant said: Argue every bit much as you will. and about what you will. but obey . So we can doubt and oppugn the regulations and Torahs set for us by others but have no pick but to follow them. Following this farther. Kant gives us a batch of illustrations. First of all. he points out that an officer on responsibility can’t inquiry an order he was given. he must obey. But. the right to do comments on errors in the military service and convey them out to public for judgement can’t rightly be refused him as a bookman. Second. a citizen. who can’t refuse to pay his revenue enhancements. because if he does. he will be punished. At the same clip. if he acts as a bookman and non as a citizen. his actions won’t be judged. Because as a bookman he has a right to state out loud what he thinks is unfair and inappropriate. To sum up. I want to state that I agree with Kant. We can be free and honest to ourselves and the 1s that are around us. but we must be responsible for our actions and obey the regulations and Torahs ; for. merely freedom. honestness and duty can allow us the enlightenment that we are all endeavoring for. Though we can neer be to the full enlightened. we can at least seek to make the highest point possible.

Never Forgotten essays

Never Forgotten essays Abortion is a very touchy subject for most people. It is a political fight that has extremes from both opinions. While most stories are told from the aborted childs side, Gwendolyn Brooks, the mother, comes from a womans portrayal of the situation. The mothers portrayal is very good. It makes the readers feel, even for a second, the pain and difficulty of the mother and her decision. Through this we can somewhat understand why or how someone would make this grueling decision. Although abortions are done for many different reasons, the children who are killed are never forgotten. The speaker of this poem is the mother. This is an elegy to the unborn child. The poem is from the mothers point of view. In the first stanza, the mother seems to be telling the audience everything that she would never be able to do to the child. For example, the mother mentions that she will never neglect the child, nor be able to scuffle off ghosts that come. The second part is more her apology and her explanation on why she went through with having the abortion. She mentions that she stole their births and their names. The mother knows that what she did was wrong, but at the time she felt that there was no other option in the situation. She tells the children that although she only knew of them for a short time, before the abortion, she loved them and always will. This poem uses many different types of language. The mother uses different ways to explain her feelings as well as the child itself. Brooks states ...damp small pulps with little or no hair, this is used to describe the child in the womb as it is developing into an infant. Another figure of speech Brooks uses, ...wind up a sucking thumb is used to describe a mother taking a childs hand out of his/her mouth and tucking the thumb down to train the child not to suck their thumb. The mother also implies that she gave birth ...

Definition and Examples of Contact Languages

Definition and Examples of Contact Languages A contact language is a marginal language (a type of lingua franca) used for purposes of basic communication by people with no common language. English as lingua franca (ELF), says Alan Firth, is a contact language between persons who share neither a common native tongue nor a common (national) culture, and for whom English is the chosen foreign language of communication (1996). Examples and Observations Ancient Greek around the Mediterranean basin, or later Latin throughout the Roman Empire, were both contact languages. They tend to vary in use in different local contexts, and there is often a great deal of local language interference. Latin, for example, later developed many local forms which eventually became French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and so on. The contact language usually dominates in situations in which the speakers of that language have military or economic power over other language users. . . .When the contact between groups of people is prolonged, a hybrid language can develop known as a pidgin. These tend to occur in situations where one language dominates, and there are two or more other languages at hand.(Peter Stockwell, Sociolinguistics: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge, 2002)The most often cited example of a (bilingual) mixed system is Michif, a contact language that developed in Canada between French-speaking fur traders and their Cree-speaking wive s.(Naomi Baron, Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved. Routledge, 2001) English (or ELF) as a Contact Language- English as a Lingua Franca (henceforth ELF) refers, in a nutshell, to the worlds most extensive contemporary use of English, in essence, English when it is used as a contact language between people from different first languages (including native English speakers).(Jennifer Jenkins,  English as a Lingua Franca in the International University: The Politics of Academic English Language Policy. Routledge, 2013)- ELF [English as a Lingua Franca] provides a kind of global currency for people from a great variety of backgrounds who come into contact with one another and use the English language as a default means of communication. ELF as a contact language is often used in short contact situations, such that fleeting English norms are in operation, with variation being one of the hallmarks of ELF (Firth, 2009). Thus ELF does not function as a territorialized and institutionalized second language, nor can it be described as a variety with its own li terary or cultural products, as is the case with the English language used for instance in Singapore, Nigeria, Malaysia, or India, where WE [World Englishes] have emerged in different ways from much longer contact situations.(Juliane House, Teaching Oral Skills in English as a Lingua Franca.  Principles and Practices for Teaching English as an International Language, ed. by  Lubna Alsagoff et al. Routledge, 2012) ModificationsA very naive view of language contact would probably hold that speakers take bundles of formal and functional properties, semiotic signs so to speak, from the relevant contact language and insert them into their own language. . . . A probably more realistic view held in language contact research is that whatever kind of material is transferred in a situation of language contact, this material necessarily experiences some sort of modification through contact.(Peter Siemund, Language Contact in Language Contact and Contact Languages, ed. by P. Siemund and N. Kintana. John Benjamins, 2008)

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Management - Essay Example Why is it this so? It is clear that the globalization of markets has led to a paradigm shift in how organizations-and especially multinationals-conduct their business operations. The deregulation of national and regional markets has led to eradication of bottlenecks to cross border trade leading to increased competition for the vast and diverse, global markets. Porter’s competitive model was build based on the prevailing economic conditions of the eighties. It assumed the classical perfect market conditions of intense competition and a relatively stable market structure that is subject to cyclical developments. Therefore, by design, this model loses significance in the modern global market. Modern global business is characterized by dynamic markets where industries have complex and multiple relations and product groups (Have, 2003). The upsurge of internet technology and e-business platforms has meant that the effectiveness of the model is in providing a still image of the ind ustry. This is as opposed to providing holistic projections of future trends and developments that can be ably translate into strategy for the particular market segment. The model assumes the idea of competition based on a need for profitability and market survival only loses relevance in modern markets. It wrongly approaches some of the five factors i.e. suppliers and customers as a threat to the organization that needs to be addressed. Modern economics postulate that business strategies should be focused in incorporating, as opposed to reacting to these particular factors (Miles, 2011). The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix was developed with a focus on the efficient allocation of resources within business enterprises. It adopts an evaluative criteria based on two prime factors i.e. market share and market growth has been widely used as a tool for portfolio planning, marketing and business strategy development. The basic principle in risk management is in diversification of ass ets through portfolio investments. The BCG model provides a useful pictorial comparison of the firm and its products versus the leading competitor and its products in the same market. The model, therefore, becomes a critical tool for implementing a firm’s short to medium-term profitability and growth objectives by providing forecast solutions of the market as it is now and as expected in the near future. In the short-run, the model is capable of providing strategies that are designed to provide quick-fix solutions to a firm. The disposal and optimization of loss making assets or ventures can be easily identified using this model. On the down side, the model, the model’s application is often limited to a scope of a year. The model lacks the ability to provide a long-term picture of the market conditions and thus strategy development towards achieving the firm’s overall long-term goals becomes very challenging. The BCG assumes a direct relationship between market shares, seems irrelevant in the current global market. There are small businesses in the small market segments especially within the information technology segment that have surpassed even the largest multinational corporations in profitability (Kaplan & Norton, 2000). The model also places an inaccurate reliance in market growth as a dominant factor in determine the attractiveness of a market segment. There are other factors such as aggregate market risk and regulation that equally influence

Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apple Inc - Essay Example The paper outlines the history of the Apple Inc. and describes it. The company operates across the globe through its 317 retail stores established in ten countries of the world. It also runs an online store to sale its hardware and software products to the consumers all over the world. It has surpassed Microsoft and has become the world’s largest and most valuable technology company. The company employs 46,600 people as full time employees whereas 2,800 people work as temporary fulltime for the company in different countries of the world. The annual sales of the company reached the level of $65.23 billion in the financial year 2010 whereas its assets are calculated US$ 75.18 billion. Apple Inc. was established in 1976 in California by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. Steve Job and Steve Wozniak have 45percent of the company’s share each whereas the 10% remaining shares are owned by Ronald Wayne. They created the company with the intention of providing inexpensive and simple to use computers to the consumers. Initially the name of the company was Apple Computer, Inc. It operated with this name for thirty years and in 2007 that word computer was excluded from its name in order to reflect the broad variety of consumer electronic products and services being produced by the company other than the computers. Apple introduced its first system in 1976 with the name Apple I that was sold for $666.66 at the local electronics stores followed by Apple II and Mac. The company continues with the production and released of different models.... Apple introduced its first system in 1976 with the name Apple I that was sold for $666.66 at the local electronics stores followed by Apple II and Mac (Kunkel, 2006, p186). The history of Apple is marked with several important developments and decisions that contributed towards the success of the company at international level however, it has been widely regarded that the success of the company was geared up in 1984 with the production and release of its 1984 commercial directed by Ridley Scott. It was aired during the Super Bowl XVIII. It Big Brother that tell the people what to think and chose giving them no freedom of choice whereas Apple stands as the heroine giving freedom and choice of thinking to the customers. The commercial was interpreted differently however, it played vital role in bringing notoriety to the Macintosh line of computers (Jeffrey, 1988, p32). Apple II was released in 1977 that contained several enhanced features like the BASIC programming language, 16-bit pro cessing using the MOS Technology 6502 1 MHz microprocessor. After the first release they continued working to improve the capabilities and functions of their products and several subsequent models of Apple II were released having improved speed and better designed as compared with the original model of Apple II. The company also released the first ever external 5.25† floppy disk controller, read-only memory (ROM)-based Microsoft-based BASIC language program called AppleSoft and first thermal printer, the SilenType. In 1983, Apple released Apple IIe that became the most popular and best-selling of Apple II model. Some of the initial products of Apple Inc. failed to gain the popularity and success among the masses like the first Apple portable and Newton. However,

My work experience Essay Example for Free

My work experience Essay My placement was with a company called Oliver Lintotts Tree Surgery. I have known Oliver for about 2 years as he is my bosss son. When I heard that my placement would be with him I was thrilled as I had worked with him before and tree surgery is a very exciting profession. I knew I could expect hard work and a good laugh. The last time I worked for him, Andy, one of Olivers employees, and I had to dig a trench to drain a field. Towards the end of the day it started to rain and I ended up almost waist-deep in a trench which was quickly filling with water and we laughed so hard we barely noticed. I already own lots of work clothes as I have had experience in tree surgery, carpentry, roofing, plumbing and mixing concrete among other areas but Oliver usually lends me some work boots with steel toe-caps as they are what I am supposed to wear. The night before my first day of work experience I made my lunch, consisting of 4 sandwiches, 3 packets of crisps and 3 chocolate bars, and left it in the fridge. Then I made sure I had clean jeans, t-shirt and jumper for the next day. I got an early night that night as I had to be up at 6:30 to be at work at 7:00. Having woken up at 6:30 I left the house at 6:45 to walk to Heath End launderette where Oliver would pick me up and drive me to where we were working that day. He picked me up at the launderette because his dad, my boss, owns it and Oliver used to live above it. I found out I would be working with a Polish man named Tomak for the week. Which was fine by me but, unfortunately, Tomak didnt speak much English. It was a very cold morning so I put on two t-shirts and a jumper as well as my fleece. That day, we were working in Godalming felling some conifers. Olivers job was to cut them down bit by bit and Tomak and I had to put the branches and logs into the chipper. The chipper is a very powerful machine. You feed the branch into the hopper and once the first bit reaches the teeth it pulls the rest in and spits woodchip into the trailer we were filling. Then we had lunch which was about 45 minutes long as we were very tired and hungry. Fortunately, Oliver had brought a flask of hot tea for us all to enjoy. When we had finished cutting down the trees and chipping all of the branches, it was my job to take a pair of secateurs, which are like big scissors, and cut down all the little bits which were too small for Olivers powerful chainsaw. We finished clearing up at about 4:30 and then Oliver drove us back to the launderette and I walked home from there. I arrived home at about 5:15, very tired and dirty. The next day I woke at the same time to be at work at 7. It wasnt quite as cold as the previous day so I only wore one t-shirt and a jumper. That day Tomak and I had to clear logs which Oliver had cut down the previous week in a woodland. It was on the same site as the previous day but, as it is a very big site, was about 10 minutes walk from where we felled the conifers. As Tomak was a lot bigger and stronger than me, I lifted the smaller, dryer logs and Tomak carried the larger, wetter ones as they were heavier. He picked one up and, as he was walking along, suddenly threw the log about 4 feet away from him and fell to the floor. I dropped the log I was picking up at the time and ran to see what had happened. He had twisted his ankle and remained on the floor rubbing and stretching it for about 5 minutes then just got up and carried on working. Over the next three days we were at the same site in Godalming. Tomak and I had to stack hay bails on the Wednesday, split logs on Thursday and dig a trench to drain a field on Friday. Although on Friday we were assisted by Andy. Although I only worked with Tomak, Andy and Oliver I had a great time. I have always got on well with Andy and Oliver as I had worked with them before but Tomak and I got on surprisingly well despite his bad English. I had a bit of a sore neck by the end of the week though because Oliver is about 6 foot 4 inches and Andy is about 6 foot 6 and I had to keep looking up at them! My only low point was having to stack hay bails on Wednesday. I suffer from hayfever so I started sneezing and my eyes semi-closed plus it was really hot as well. Hay bails arent that light, theyre actually quite heavy so we got all hot and sweaty and I didnt know that if youre not used to hay then it can give you a rash. I only had shorts and a t-shirt and I got little itchy, white spots all over my arms and legs which was made worse by the sweat. Then we had a very long lunch break which meant I had to sit there itching for about an hour. The best part was on Friday. Oliver brought down his air rifle and we set up some targets on a nearby tree and we all had a go at shooting. As it turns out I have quite good aim and got more targets than everyone. Looking back it was a good experience and I think it showed me that, although I enjoyed the week, a career in tree surgery isnt for me. Im just not tall enough!

e-Health with Knowledge Management: the Areas of Tomorrow Essay example

e-Health with Knowledge Management: the Areas of Tomorrow The importance of e-health has grown tremendously these days combined with the concept of knowledge management will serve to enhance the efficiency of e-health initiatives. The term e-health characterizes not only a technical development but also a way of thinking, commitment for networked, global thinking to improve healthcare locally and worldwide by using information system and communication technology. The challenges of the e-health include three categories; B2B, B2C, & C2C. KM can be a tremendous factor in developing the infrastructure and outcome of e-health. The other e’s represent the e-health are efficiency, enhancing quality, evidence based, empowerment, education, extending, ethics, & equity. Patients play a significant role in putting more pressure on physicians to use timely evidence by accessing online information. It seems to the first time in the history of medicine that consumers have equal access to knowledge bases of medicine. Challenges: - Meaningful collaboration with patients - Preparation for upcoming technological development - Efficient strategies to monitor patterns of Internet use among consumers - Balance between connectivity and privacy factors - Better understanding of the balance between real and virtual interactions - Equitable access to technology and information across the globe. Three important issues must be carefully considere...

Transracial Adoption

Transracial Adoption Transracial adoption is that white parents will not be able to give a black child a cultural identity and survival skills in a racially diverse society. â€Å"Adoption, defined as the legal act of taking a child into a family and raising the child as its own (Vianna, 1981). † Black children need to learn coping mechanisms to function in a society where racism is prevalent. Black families are capable of teaching these mechanisms in everyday life without having to seek out special projects or activities.They live their lives in a white-dominated society, and their children learn by daily interactions. Even when white adoptive families actively seek out interactions and activities with black families, they put an emphasis on the differences within their family. Cultural support can be especially difficult to give if there is limited understanding of the cultural differences of family members. White couples are ill equipped in their understanding of African Am erican culture to adequately prepare a child for life in an ethnic group other than that of the adoptive parents.Despite their best intentions, whites cannot fully understand life from a minority perspective. Over time, there has been a decline in the availability of white children to adopt. Adoption agencies cater to white middle-class prospective adoptive parents, and, because white children are not as available, the agencies try to persuade these families to adopt black children. The harm will come to transracial adoptees because of the obviousness of the adoption and the constant reminder of being adopted may be interpreted positively.A child who is of a different race will learn sooner that he or she is adopted, and being forced to recognize this will make the adoption easier to talk about, thus making for a more open relationship with the parents. It has been suggested that there are direct benefits to the child in learning early about the adoption. They include a greater open ness about the adoption, a positive self-identification with the adoptive status as well as racial identity, and recognition that there is no shared biology between the parents and child.Because the adopted child knows that he or she was wanted by the family, there is also recognition that race is not a factor in how much the child will be loved. This visible reminder that the child was chosen to be a part of the family can help to increase the child's self-esteem. The visible differences can also help to remind the child that he or she does not share biology with the parents. Simon and Alstein (1977) found that young black children, 3 to 8 years of age, saw themselves as black and did not attach any negative evaluation of themselves to their racial asked again to whom they would go if they needed help. † The results showed that the adopted children would still turn to their parents or siblings for help. The study's overall findings provided strong evidence that white parents are capable of raising children of another race to have high self-esteem, positive identities, and close family ties.There are several issues that families must consider before committing to transracial adoption. The most important thing to consider is the potential parents' own racial views. Another thing to consider is that the family will be in the minority after transracially adopting. The concern may be how the parent and other members of the family will deal with opinions expressed by those outside of the family. Prospective parents could think about adopting siblings so that each child will have a familiar face to help with the transition.Ignoring differences can cause hurt and resentment. Because race and culture are so closely linked, to be colorblind to someone's race is to ignore his or her culture. Children have a right to learn about their culture so that they can pass it down to the next generation. In conclusion, transracial adoption is not only a black and white issu e; children are also adopted from foreign countries. Places like Korean are popular when families decide to adopt, because the high birth rates and poor economic conditions in these places mean that there are often children readily available.There is not as much debate about the adoption of these children as there is over black children being adopted by white families, because adoption is seen as helping these children. The idea of saving a child is an idea that supporters of transracial adoption believe can happen right here in the United States by decreasing the numbers of children of all races awaiting placement with a permanent family. REFERENCES Shireman, J. F. ([995). Adoptions by Single Parents. In Single parent Families: Diversity, Myths and Realities (ed. Hanson). New York: Haworth Press, Inc.Simon, R. J. (1974). An assessment of racial awareness, preference, and self identity among white and adopted non-white children. Social Problems. 22. 43-57. Simon, R. J.. & Alstein, H . (1977). Transracial adoption. New York: Wiley. Simon, R. J. , & Alstein. H. (1987). Transracial adoptees and their families. New York: Praeger Publishers. Simon, R. J. & Alstein, H. ( 1991). Intercountry adoption. New York: Praeger Publishers. Vianna, F. M. (Ed). (1981). Tile American heritage desk dictionary. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Attachment – Word Count 1466

Word count 1466 Introduction: Attachment theory can be useful to highlight core and basic human needs for social interaction and proximity to others. Used as a model of human development, it can help us consider how relationships between infants and their caregivers forge and underpin the development of fundamental areas of our lives; our self beliefs and constructs of the world around us; of ourselves and expectations of others; our abilities to self regulate our emotions and feelings; our sense of curiosity, motivation and confidence to explore and learn and how we are able to relate to others and tasks/activities. In this paper I will firstly be discussing the major theorises of attachment these being John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Secondly I will explain how attachment informs in social work. ‘Among the most significant developments of psychiatry during the past quarter of a century has been the steady growth of evidence that the quality of parental care which a child receives in his earliest years is of vital importance to his future mental health’ (Bowlby. J. p11. 953) Attachment is an emotional relationship that involves comfort care and contentment. The roots of attachment were thought to be from Freuds theory’s about love, however John Bowlby is accredited with being the fore father of attachment theory. Bowlby shared the psychoanalytic view that early experiences in childhood have a major influence on development and behaviour later in life. Our early attachment styles are established in childhood through the infant/caregiver relationship. Kennhell and Klaus said that sometime attachment is confused with the natural bonding process that takes place between mother and child, and we should be careful not to mix these too up. Bowlby believed that attachment begins in infancy and carries on throughout life, resulting in several behavioural systems that are required for survival and reproduction. Bowlby suggested that there are four central characteristics of attachment; these are proximity maintenance, this is when the child strives to stay close to the care giver enabling the child to stay safe. Safe haven, this is when the child feel scared or afraid turning to the caregiver for support and comfort. Secure base, this is when the caregiver gives the child a protected place to discover the world from. Separation distress this is when the child get upset or distressed when it is absent from the caregiver. Bowlby suggested that attachment was an element of selected relationships throughout the lifespan, even though most of his research focused on infancy. Mary Ainsworth created a method called the strange situation. The method that Ainsworth had created was to examine that bond between the care giver and the child. The method is to examine the child playing for approximately twenty minutes while the care giver and the person who is unknown to the child enters and exit the room. This method creates a familiar and unfamiliar situation for the child. For some children this type of situation can be very stressful. The case of ‘Genie’ was an extreme example of a child that had no attachment or social contact resulting in her being a feral child. She was unable to talk dress herself or toilet herself, when support was implemented within a few days progress was seen to be made, showing that even though no attachment had been made the child was still able to learn new behaviours. A striking example of adult attachment to a parent is the comment made by a 40 year old lady who had lost her mother; I never realised, until she was gone, how much my own sense of confidence depended on knowing that if I ran into trouble I could always turn to her for help and advice. Goldberg 2000 p10)in my own experience of working with adult services, I gained an understanding of how separation could have affected an elderly couple’s health. After 60 years of marriage social services where call in to assess their situation as they where no longer able to cope due to the fact the wife had senile dementia. Initially the was talk of them being home together however a standard care home would not have met the need of the wife, a nursing home was needed for her. This was seen as being detrimental to both their health due to separation. Therefore, it was seen to be better to provide them with support in their own home. In conclusion children who are securely attached tend to have trusting, long-term relationships in their adulthood. As adults and being securely attached, these same individuals have a great understanding and perspective on important relationships in their lives. They demonstrate a forgiving attitude toward their mate and tend to show compassion for others. They tend to speak of how their past experiences have influenced their present feelings and relationships. References Bowlby, J. (1953) Childcare and the growth of maternal love. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Feeney,J. Noller,P. (1996) Adult Attachment. London: sage publications. Goldberg, S. (2000) Attachment and Development. London: Arnold publishers. Howe,D. (1995) Attachment theory for social work practice. London: Macmillan press. Smith, Cowie, Blades. online. ‘The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Understanding Children's Development’. York College: Homepage, (http://www. ycc. ac. uk/yc/new/HUMSOC/psycho/unit1/adultatt. htm), (5 December 2008)

How New Technology Has Changed Our Lives Essays

How New Technology Has Changed Our Lives Essays How New Technology Has Changed Our Lives Paper How New Technology Has Changed Our Lives Paper What do new technologies have changed our daily lives? In recent years, new technologies like smart phones, the Internet, the Pod, and online communities have become part of our dally lives, especially with the new generation who cant live without their gadgets. In fact, new technologies have improved our quality of life; for example, we have new ways to make friends through Backbone, twitter and Namespace. New technologies also change the way we communicate with others. Although new technologies have advantages that make life easier, it impacts our life in an opposite ay that takes some negative influences in our life and we also need to think of ways to overcome them. The Internet makes people live In their own world with less communication with their friends. Am not particularly interested in video games, but some of my friends are crazy about them and they spend several hours a day on them. They always concentrate on playing for rank. Once, I quarreled with my mother and felt depressed, so I wanted to complain about it to my friend to make me feel better. However, he looked impatient and didnt respond what I was talking about. After that, I knew I disturbed him. According to Sherry Turtle The Flight from Conversation, she states, A businessman laments that he no longer has colleagues at work. He doesnt stop by to talk; he doesnt call. He says that he doesnt want to interrupt them. He says they are too busy to their I have same experience that my friends are too busy to interrupt them, so an ideal way I can share my emotion is through the Internet. I posted a message in the Backbone about how depressed I was and I needed friends to comfort me. What made me excited, there were a lot virtual friends commented my message and consoled me by sharing same experience. Finally, Backbone becomes best way for me to share my experiences and gets answers for what problems I meet. No matter why Turtle claims in the article The Fight from Conversation, During the years I have spent heard the sentiment No one is listening to me. I believe this feeling helps explain why it is so appealing to have a Backbone page or a Twitter feed?each provides so many automatic listeners(336). In other words, the Backbone and the Twitter are popular to people to share the experience with fewer listeners In the real world. As a matter of fact, with more time n the Internet will result in fewer time communicating with friends that can lead people live in their own world. We need to make a balance between surfing the Internet and communicating with friends like make a schedule because we live in a really world and we do need friends and the Internet is not everything for us. The technology not only makes people participate in different events, but also records what happened which Is not a good habit. I got the Sapphic fracture last month, so I went to the emergency. The doctor put the splint on my hand. This Is my first time my hand was broken, so splint looked fancy to me. After I went back home, I took a picture for my splint and posted it in my Backbone and said, I got the Sapphic fracture today and how poor I was. I dont know what the purpose of posting this message and what is the point to post it? Is this for show up and let everyone know that I got the fracture and want people to console me? Maybe this Is record them. In fact, it doesnt make any sense to post everything happened. Andrew Lam in her article I Tweet Therefore I am: Life in the Halls of Mirrors, shows some stories of tweeting. The first one is A young woman who was being stalked tweeted ere impending doom a few days before her murder(Lam). The second one is In the same week a teenager in the suburb of Baltimore posted on Backbone murder suicide references before taking a shotgun to school and wounding one of his classmates on the first day of school(Lam). The third one is a person asked his friend to snap a photo of him in the trauma, so that he can post it in Backbone (Lam). There is a sad story describes in the article, A professor Bill Nee collapsed on the stage out of exhaustion as he prepared to give a lecture. But instead of rushing to the stage to alp him, many students in the audience took out their cell phones, snapped photo, tested and tweeted the event(Lam). This sounds immoral. Students ignored what happened to their professor and Just snapping and posting that sounds ridiculous. Now a day, people prefer to snap pictures and post them on the Backbone that becomes popular. Life is colorful and we want to record everything happened that is reasonable. If we can post things that are positive and have good influences for people that look better instead of posting some negative experiences. The technology can lead us to distract our attention. I have the phone in my hand whenever I go somewhere. I use the Backbone, the Weight and the Q as virtual communities to communicate with my friends and make new friends. If my phone disappears, my life becomes hopeless because phone is one of the important ways I talk to friends and entertain by playing phone games. For example, everyday I have a class; I put my phone on the desk. Every five minutes, I will check my Backbone to see if someone posts news that interested me or if someone sends me message through Weight. In fact, sometimes I really want to pay attention to what teachers are talking bout, but my phone always hooks me up. According to the article wrote by Linda Stone Continuous Partial Attention, What my behavior is called continuous partial attention that means we want to connect and be connected. Another way to describe it is We pay continuous partial attention in an effort NOT TO MISS ANYTHING. It is an always-on, anywhere, anytime, anyplace behavior that involves an artificial sense of constant crisis(Stone 1). This is actually true. I dont want to miss anything my friends posts on the Backbone and messages from the Weight, especially for assuages that I think it is important to me to respond on time. As a matter of fact, this is not a good behavior, and this makes me have less efficiency in doing anything. In fact, it distracts me from doing another thing, so I cant focus on doing what I should do. To avoid this bad behavior, I should try to leave my phone away from me or Just turn off my phone when I am listening to lectures and doing my homework. Totally, new technology has changed our life dramatically and becomes our closest friend. However, it also takes some negative influences. If we can use new technology sufficiently, our life can be better.

Change Management and Oxfam Scandal for Work-

Established by the Oxfam family, Oxfam International is one of the most reputed charitable organizations in United Kingdom (Oxfam International | The power of people against poverty). However, February 2018 turned out to be the black letter day for the organization. There was massive media furore against Oxfam aid workers who were found to be guilty of using sex workers during their fieldwork in Haiti. The former director of Operations, Roland Van Hauwermeiren was reported to have sex workers in his villa that was rented for the purpose of charity. The chief executive officer of Oxfam, Mark Golring extended his apology and condemned the depraved behaviour of his employees. The President of Haiti, Jovenel Moise was extremely critical of the incident and it termed it as gross violation of human dignity. This paper examines the Oxfam sex scandal and contextualizes it within the broader discourse of humanitarian work. It uses the framework of ADKAR change management to recommend changes concludes my views on the impact of the proposed changes. The Reports of 2011 against the infamous Oxfam sex scandal might be appalling ad repulsive for people all over but it is rooted in the broader context of the discourse of humanitarian work that has swept across the world. The charitable organizations and aid workers manifest white man’s’ burden in performance of their duties. The white colonial mentality of the white man being a savior of the distressed third-world population is the banal representation of humanitarian work (Easterly). An illustration of this would be the exploitative images of children deployed by these philanthropic organizations in their banners and posters. This further reinforces stereotypes about the nations in the global south and justifies the endeavour of colonial encroachment through humanitarian in these parts of the world. Tropical neurasthasia, identified as a condition emerging from the onerous nature of fieldwork in the humid climate and deprivation from the requisite leisure in life. The refore, it was argued that sex with the native was a respite from the demanding work schedule (Kempadoo). This kind of an understanding embedded in the colonial ideology shifted the burden on the victims and external factors rather than shaming the perpetrators. This underscores on the confluence between masculinity and racial superiority that have informed the contemporary state of humanitarian work. The mainstream representation of the Haiti incident is conflated with problems. The under-age victims were labelled as child prostitutes instead of labelling the white aid workers as sexual offenders for having sex with underage girls. Blaming the women in the countries of Haiti, Chad, Liberia amongst others amounts to a myopic understanding about the magnitude of the issue (Aid charities ordered to improve standards following Oxfam scandal). For women deprived of basic amenities in conflict prone zones, any opportunity to earn their food becomes an imperative. Therefore, this is a tra p for these women and an opportunity to purchase pleasure by the aid workers in the guise of social work. Instead of gaining a deeper insight into the ordeals and lifeworld of these women and not busting the unequal, exploitative network of relationship that is emerging, there is a bird’s eye view of the situation (Haiti suspends Oxfam GB operations). People all over the world are conditioned to believe that these influential organizations are operating on a moral vacuum. The recent media outrage and uproar from the public is more about the money of the British taxpayers going to waste rather than addressing the genuine cause of the victims (Hornstein). Earlier, there has been a spate of sex scandals that emerged in the limelight but those were short-lived, thus highlighting the biased, unfair and vested interests of the civil society and the British citizens. Following the shameful incident, Oxfam has lost 7, 000 donors who have till now provided patronage to the organizations (Elgot and Karen). Golring has been worried about such a consequence and talked about how corporate donors are scrutinizing the incident to make their next decision. A report based on internal investigation compiled on 2011 found that seven employees have left the organization in the light of the scandal. Former country director of Oxfam, Hauwermeiren has resigned following his involvement in the sex abuse scandal and four staff members have been ordered to leave the organization. The internal inquiry unveiled that the witness to the incident have been threatened physically by three men who have been identified as abusers. Oxfam has been used of covering-up the incident. Since the spread of the news, 26 allegations of misconduct reports have emerged, out of which 16 incidents are associated with the international missions. The analysis of the Oxfam incident has led me to adopt the ADKAR model of change management. This model is premised on a bottom-up approach that emphasizes on the individuals behind the change (Artman, Knut and Eric Jonsson). This model is befitting to the concerned situation as it involves all the stakeholders in the organization to be a part of the change through creating awareness among the employees about the motivation to change (Cameron and Mike). This should be done bringing together the different employees in the organizational hierarchy together and discuss with them the ways change will be implemented. In this case, weekly gender sensitization workshops and verbal feedbacks through discussion is a pragmatic step. The second step would be to inspire the members of the organization to remain committed to these proposed changes by continuously making them aware the inhumanness of exploiting the countries they are working. The knowledge step according to the ADKAR model will be utilized in this case by setting up an external committee who would keep a tab on the activities the employees and through an in-house counsellor. The multiple methods of the ADKAR model will enable me to come up different methods to address the issue based on the nature and intensity of the issues (Hayes). Accountability and checks-and-balance approach among the vertical and horizontal organizational hierarchy needs to be ensure with the aim to foster a more egalitarian and just organization. There is a need to protect the whistleblowers so that they feel emboldened to speak out about any misconduct violation within the organization. I would expect the Oxfam family to continuously meet with the employees and not solely depend on the chief executive and other authorities to carry out the task. I would exhort the Oxfam family to have conversations with the different employees to understand their concerns and at the same time to change the centralized authority in the organizational structure. The change would be initiated from April 5, 2018 and would continue for a period of three months followed by the valuation of the proposed change model. The Oxfam scandal has shook the world but such incidents are not new. In fact, these are located in the larger discourse of the white colonial worldview towards the poor, developing nations. They operate with the view that it is justified to engage in such frivolous activities due to their exacting nature of work. However, such an attitude not just spoils the image of accompany but it further tarnishes the image of social work and humanitarian service. This was evident in the loss of patronage and blow on the reputation of Oxfam on a global platform. The recommended changes might not turn out to be successful during its first time implementation. However, the essence of the bottom-approach is an urgent need considering the attitude of the contemporary humanitarian organizations towards their aid-work in the nations of the global south. I strongly feel that an enhanced accountability, checks-and- balance, establishment of an external committee to review the behaviour of the employees and periodic conversations between the different levels of the hierarchy looks promising for ushering in the much-needed change in the framework of social and humanitarian work. Aid charities ordered to improve standards following Oxfam scandal".  the Guardian, 2018. Online. Internet. 1 Apr. 2018. . Available: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/mar/05/aid-charities-ordered-to-improve-standards-following-oxfam-scandal. Artman, Knut, and Eric Jonsson. "Managing Change in the Warehouse. a structured change management methodology when implementing a warehouse management system."Master Thesis in Technology Management  (2014). Cameron, Esther, and Mike Green.  Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers, 2015. Easterly, William.  The white man's burden: why the West's efforts to aid the rest have done so much ill and so little good. Tantor Media, 2017. Elgot, Jessica, and Karen McVeigh. "Oxfam loses 7,000 donors since sexual exploitation scandal".  the Guardian, 2018. Online. Internet. 1 Apr. 2018. . Available: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/20/oxfam-boss-mark-goldring-apologises-over-abuse-of-haiti-quake-victims. Haiti suspends Oxfam GB operations".  BBC News, 2018. Online. Internet. 1 Apr. 2018. . Available: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43163620. Hayes, John.  The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Hornstein, Henry A. "The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity."International Journal of Project Management  33.2 (2015): 291-298. Kempadoo, Kamala. "The modern-day white (wo) man’s burden: Trends in anti-trafficking and anti-slavery campaigns."Journal of Human Trafficking  1.1 (2015): 8-20. "Oxfam International | The power of people against poverty".  Oxfam.org, 2018. Online. Internet. 1 Apr. 2018. . Available: https://www.oxfam.org/en. .com is the leading essay writing service in Australia. We are committed to resolving students' all academic problems and help them acquire higher grades. We provide comprehensive essay paper help to students, who struggle to put up a good quality essay. With 3000+ talented essay writers , we cover 100+ subjects while providing essay writing service to students in Australia. Contact us to premier quality academic assistance at an affordable price. You are required to write a researched argument essay that convinces persuades the reader of your position / stance. This is an academic, researched and referenced do... Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to elaborate the factors which are considered by individuals before selecting an occupation. Choosing an occupati... 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What is a Case Study & The Techniques In Active Reading Essay

What is a Case Study & The Techniques In Active Reading - Essay Example Historical Significance: the Case study is not a new trend. It goes back to 1829 when Frederic Le Play first introduced this methodology of testing hypotheses. However, in the current day world, the popularity of case study method is increasing day by day. This methodology is commonly used in social science subjects like sociology, psychology, and anthropology for educational evaluation. In business and legal education, these case studies are most often used as teaching methods for professional development. Furthermore, in the field of medicine, this methodology is used by physicians where they want to collect and share data or information. So, the purpose of the case study, as a research strategy, is to investigate a factor happening within its real context or we can say case study offers more thorough analysis of the situation. It is an analytical piece that involves heavy research and application of concepts, knowledge, and theories. Case studies rely on quantitative evidence, multiple sources of facts and data that further benefit in the development of theoretical proposals. When we talk about case study writing, we can see that there are three major steps including research, analysis and finally the actual writing. The research phase can be completed through libraries and internet and by interviewing people. Secondly, all the information gathered from various sources including articles, books, and people, is organized to highlight the focus of study and thoroughly analyzed. Finally, the case is written. When we talk about case studies, we can see that case study text is of prior importance in case study writing. The text is a collection of written words. Remember, a single word sounds nothing until or unless it becomes the part of a text. Text lies within a situation that offers it a unique meaning.

Strategic Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategic Managment - Essay Example Lack of a specific strategy is a "surefire ticket for organizational drift, competitive mediocrity, internal wheel-spinning, and lackluster results (Thomson 2002)." Second, Thomson argues that business entities need to devise and implement strategies, as the efforts of all the functional areas in the company should be molded into a "coordinated, compatible whole." A comprehensive strategy takes all the business units into account making each action mutually supportive. Without a well-laid out strategic plan, there will be no basis for uniting the efforts of all the functional areas, no clear direction on the business decisions and plans that the business takes, and no conscious business model for profit generation. Strategic management is therefore one of the most crucial areas in management. Coming up with a specific strategy, which will be the basis of company's actions, processes and decisions is a must. A well-crafted strategy is indispensable to the company's long-term success. It is therefore important that a business entity comes up with a unique strategy tailored for the achievement of its goals and objectives. Devising a purposeful and efficient strategy is a tedious task and managers should be armed with different techniques in diagnosing the company in order to prescribe the "right" strategy. Different models are employed to aid managers in this strategy making process. This paper will look at the two models, which are typically employed by managers in order to ascertain the needed strategy for the company namely, value chain and SWOT analysis. In order to fully look at the strengths and limitations of these models, they will be utilized to assess the performance of Dell Incorporated, one of the leading computer manufacturers and distributors. I. COMPANY PROFILE: DELL, INCORPORATED Michael Dell, who is also regarded as the computer industry's longest tenured chief executive officer, founded Dell Computer Corporation in 1984. Later in 2003, the company changed its name to Dell, Incorporated. The company is one of the most famous manufacturers of computer worldwide, which caters to the needs of individual and corporate clients with a very unique business concept (About Dell 2004). Dell Incorporated is headquartered in Rock Round, Texas. Dell, Inc. and its subsidiaries are actively involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, sale, and support of a range of computer systems and services worldwide. The main business activity of Dell is in the provision of products and services to customers, which enables them to establish their information technology and Internet infrastructures. Dell offers a wide array of products and services to its clients. The company's broad product line incorporates enterprise systems which includes servers, storage, workstations, and networking products; client systems, such as notebook and desktop computer systems; printing and imaging systems; and software and peripherals, including titles, monitors, plasma and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) televisions, MP3 players, handhelds, and notebook accessories (Dell Inc. 2005). Aside from these products, Dell also offers a wide range of services, including information techn

By the way, meet Vera Stark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

By the way, meet Vera Stark - Essay Example During years it became the speaker for Afro-Americans and their view on actual social problems and past prejudices, Penumbra Theater is concentrated on the Afro-American’s focus and perspective of seeing important things and showing them to public. Penumbra Theater stage though small does not make public feel unnatural, it looks atmospheric and creates an effect of coziness and hospitality. But of course it is not the building, which looks classically inside, but people who make all performances wonderful and glorious. Talking about Vera Stark, we can’t forget about great sets work by C. Lance Brockman, beautiful musical pieces by music director Sanford Moore and highly professional dancing performances organized by chorographical director Austene Van. Surely. Moreover, taking into consideration that Vera Spark is a historical play costume work is very important. Matthew LeFebvre made everything look real and convincing. My special attention goes to elegant and perfectly placed bright red dress of the main heroine. Vera and her friends in maid uniforms were looking attractive and natural too. Gloria Mitchell’s appearance was always perfect, calling up all those archetypes of femme-fatales and glorious women from the Golden Era of Hollywood. All costumes created atmospheric feeling of thirties and allowed believing in actors` play even more. Marcus Dilliard on lighting and Martin Gwinup responsible for sound and video design (especially good work with the television piece) altogether make the whole performance look natural and made viewer to pay attention to every little piece and detail. â€Å"By the Way, Meet Vera Spark† was written by Lynn Nottage whose â€Å"Ruined† won Pulitzer Prize in 2009. Vera Spark is an Afro-American women trying to reach the stars in the 1930’s Golden Age of Hollywood and also helping Gloria Mitchell, successful movie star. Vera is a main heroine; she is persuasive, active, smart, and

Aim Of Molecular Gastronomy Media Essay

Aim Of Molecular Gastronomy Media Essay The art of cooking is as old as humanity and cooking is such an important part of our world which obviously needs scientific attention. Although science has contributed to food safety, hygiene and nutritional aspects, little has been done towards innovation and invention of new dishes. The ancient Greek words, gastro means stomach and nomos means law, collectively termed as gastronomy, which in contemporary hospitality industry means food and culture. It generally refers to the study of relationship between food and culture with interdisciplinary approaches. This literature attempts to explain molecular gastronomy, its origin and evolution, along with its relevance and contributions to the contemporary hospitality industry. Cooking and gastronomy Even though molecular gastronomy has attracted media attention for quite a while, still there is confusion about the true meaning of the term. To explain this, cooking and gastronomy has to be distinguished first. Cooking is the preparation of raw food into edible, whereas gastronomy is the knowledge of whatever concerns mans nourishment. Gastronomy is about chemical and physical transformation behind the preparation of any food, for example, the reason behind egg white puffs up when whipped or mayonnaise becomes firm. (This, 2006). According to HerveThis, the science of food is not new but dates back to second century BC, when preparation of meat stock-the aqueous solution obtained by thermal processing of animal tissues in water-has been of great interest. Since then, scientists have been interested in food and cooking which gave way to molecular gastronomy. If culinary history is scrutinised, it will be clear that, initially food experts studied the culinary science to steer clear of blind assumptions and unscientific ways of cooking. But today, the science of food has reached its extreme in the form of molecular gastronomy, which chemically examines the food and cooking in its molecular level to give a new face for cooking and change the total concept of commercial cooking in near future. Molecular gastronomy The scientific discipline dedicated to culinary industry and to gastronomical phenomena in general has been called molecular gastronomy the late Nicholas Kurti and HerveThis (This, 2005). Molecular gastronomy can also be defined as a field that attempts to improve the culinary techniques through understanding the composition and chemical transformations occurring in food during the process of cooking (Ankeny, Year Unknown). Gastronomy or molecular gastronomy is the science just like any other science in the world, which studies the cause and effect of anything that happens during cooking including the structural difference in same cooking ingredients of different quality, which have an effect on the final product. If we can answer the question, we can correct a mistake, use this knowledge to improve the cooking process or even invent new dishes or ways to prepare food. For example, if we know that when an egg is cooked, water evaporates, the proteins denature and polymerize to enclos e water, we can even use substitute methods to cook it, like adding alcohol to it, which denature the egg proteins and gives the same result. Molecular gastronomy also deals with the study of human senses and perception of taste, aroma, texture and temperature, in short, the sensory science known as chemesthesis (berham et. al, 2010). It studies the perception of senses in molecular level in order to understand how different dishes are perceived as awful, average, good or delicious, when they are made of similar ingredients. Although chemesthesis of human beings are the same, people of different genre appreciates different types of food. For example westerners cooking style is entirely different from Asians, and while Asians appreciate spicy food, most westerners do not. At a glance, molecular gastronomy can be described as applying the techniques of food scientists to fine dining drying, liquefying, gassing, freezing and generally transforming ingredients into surprising new forms and textures while maintaining the flavours. Early converts include French two-star chef Pierre Gagnaire, who added scallops with liquorice milk to his menu in 1991 (Hill. B, 2009). Aim of molecular gastronomy Being the science of cooking, molecular gastronomy has a few aims in the field of domestic and commercial cooking. It endeavours to remodel and scrutinise existing recipes, introduce new tools, products and methods, invent new dishes from the acquiring knowledge and use the appeal of food to promote food science (This, 2006). Before analysing the aims, a significant question is that, who is actually interested in molecular gastronomy? Is it the chefs who are interested in chemical and physical science of food or scientists who are interested in food and cooking? Answer could go both the ways. Chefs are always interested in innovation in culinary art, which obviously needed scientific help to explain the reasons for transformation that occur in the cooking process. For remodelling a recipe or innovating a new dish they had to understand what actually happens to any food when it undergoes different forms of cooking. For this reason they needed scientific help to explain the reasons behind any cooking process or transformation. But at the same time, scientists are interested in the scientific aspects of food rather than innovation and remodelling recipes. Hence, molecular gastronomy can be said to be teamwork of food science and cooking or in other words, chefs and scientists. However, chefs made use of scie ntific explanation of cooking processes which resulted in innovation in food industry or more apparently molecular gastronomy. But today, with worldwide recognition of molecular gastronomy, it has evolved as a collaboration of chefs, scientists, companies in food industry and culinary schools. In addition, efforts are being made to incorporate the new science into culinary schools to impart knowledge of molecular gastronomy into upcoming industry professionals to provide a new visage to the food and beverage industry. Continuing with the aims of molecular gastronomy, remodelling and scrutinising the existing recipes is one of the primary attempts, initially by educating the professionals about the chances of scientific approach to cooking art. Complex disperse systems formalism (This, 2006) was introduced to describe the microscopic structure of preparations with different phases, to help in this attempt. Consequently, many of the existing recipes has been modernized or modified to correct the mistakes, attain a better product and to better favour the palate of the customer. Educational efforts are equally important to standardise these remodelled recipes to achieve consistency. For this reason, several programmes were introduced in culinary schools internationally. In 2001, the experimental workshop on flavour was created in French schools. Universities in various countries, such as the Netherlands, Denmark and Argentina have set up professorships in this discipline. Since then, Canada and France have introduced new syllabus for culinary schools to include knowledge obtained from molecular gastronomy. In 2005, the Institute for Advanced Studies on Flavour, Gastronomy and the Culinary Arts was created in Reims, France, to promote gastronomy knowledge, including molecular gastronomy. New or remodelled recipes to a great extent involve new cooking techniques which need new systems and tools. So, quite obviously, molecular gastronomy is introducing or giving way to new cooking tools and techniques, taking the art of cooking into another level. In terms of new products, with the help of molecular gastronomy, it is now possible to customise the food to the need of different people with different diet requirements, without restricting the taste and palatability of their meals. For example, now a day, caviar can be artificially made (in fact something looks and tastes like caviar) from fruits and chemicals. Similarly, using the secret of food chemistry, different ingredients can be used to make several dishes which look, smells and tastes like original dishes, which have no ingredients of the original dish. Even though the dishes tastes and feel like original, the ingredients can be different, thus giving us an opportunity to try different dishes with in the diet restr ictions or in other words, altering an unhealthy food into healthy one without altering the original taste of the same. Health programmes that promote a balanced diet cannot succeed if people are unable to make intelligent choices about food. Traditional cooking is not a guarantee either for healthy food or for a rational preparation of food. This is where the scientific programme of molecular gastronomy can be useful. Science is the basis for new technology and innovation and it is not different in gastronomy. The achievements of science in the field of gastronomy have won a definite recognition worldwide. However, for chefs, and hopefully scientists as well, the main aim is to surprise and delight their guests with exciting, tasty and healthy food. Molecular gastronomy in contemporary hospitality industry With the development of tourism industry, the science of domestic and commercial cooking has moved from the hands of a few key players to the dominion of serious scientific venture. In the context of serious competition, every element in the food service industry is striving to adopt innovation and novelty using technology, to which molecular gastronomy has given a new face of distinctiveness. The cooking chemistry or molecular cuisine has helped the modern restaurants to a great extend to enhance cooking speed, service speed and very obviously the food quality along with the ability to keep the food fresh. A few techniques in molecular gastronomy Colloids Colloid is a chemical substance dispersed in molecular level evenly throughout one another. The particles of the dispersed substance are only suspended in the blend, unlike in a solution in which they are totally dissolved. This takes place because the elements in a colloid are larger than in a liquid. The colloidal system is used for making different types of foam, solid gel, emulsion and solid emulsion. Lecithin (Lecite) Lecithin is phospholipids extracted from soybean, partially water-soluble, and an emulsifier that helps fat and water stay together. For that reason, it is often added to chocolate, cheese, margarine, and salad dressing. It has health benefits, such as reducing cholesterol intensity. It is often added to flavoured liquids and then mixed to generate foams that are topped onto dishes to offer added appearance and texture. Maltodextrin powder Maltodextrin is a complex carbohydrate consisting of dextrose (glucose), maltose, maltotriose and higher polysaccharides. Maltodextrin is used in a wide variety of products, extending from bodybuilders, animal trainers (horses and greyhounds) to pharmaceutical manufacturers. Tapioca maltrodextrin is a popular product used to make powdered oil and fat products such as white truffle powder, and olive oil powder. Guar Gum Guar is a white free flowing powder, completely soluble in hot or cold water to form a tasteless, odourless, non-toxic solution. Guar gum powder has five to eight times the coagulating power of starch. It is mainly used as a binding agent, mixtures, thickener, and emulsifier in food products, such as cheese spreads, ice cream and other frozen desserts. Methylcellulose This forms a gel when heated, and melts into liquid when it cools. This is similar to gelatine. This quality can improve a food if it undergoes heating in its preparation and requires stability at cooking temperature (for example: preventing a sauce from thinning out). It is used as a binding agent for foods that need to keep their parts collectively. Products such as pasta, vegetable burgers, onion rings, and potato products are improved by its combining strength. This is due to its cohesive nature at low temperatures and the structural integrity at higher temperatures. Implementation and provision of MG in hospitality industry Molecular gastronomy principles, practices and provisions items have captured the intellect of both the chefs and their customers worldwide. Although initially intended to cater for the high purpose of the gourmet market, molecular gastronomy has been welcomed in assorted areas of the hospitality industry. Useful dining restaurants, cafà ©s and bistros, avail venues, specialist bars, prestigious and mainstream hotels; and all the more establishments that specialise in pastry and desserts are incorporating this style of cuisine to assorted degrees into their operations. As any other fields, molecular gastronomy also attracted much criticism from food writers and chefs around the world. Many established chefs did not accept molecular gastronomy as scientific gastronomic phenomena but labelled it as temporary style of cuisine (Hill, 2009). But in the context of Australian hospitality industry, hampering of successful insertion of molecular gastronomy was a lack of firsthand experience and training, which was recognized both by industry as well as the government. Another barrier facing the Australian industry is the inadequate supply and high prices for specialist food chemicals and equipments to incorporate various techniques of molecular gastronomy. The distribution of these chemicals and equipments are limited to a few suppliers and shops. Even though this is the case, Hill had identified a few restaurants in Victoria such as Fenix, Interlude and Vue de monde that offer limited molecular gastronomic techniques throughout their menus. Competition There is no doubt that hospitality industry is facing increasing competition than ever before. To withstand this pressure of competition, chefs should be able to remain innovative and attract new as well as existing customers by satisfying their demandingly increasing sophisticated expectations. In fact people are always looking for new and unique experiences. As a result of this, in recent years there has been a great emphasis on innovation, creativity and importance of innovation competency. In response, many chefs has accepted the concept of molecular gastronomy and working on it to achieve greater innovative competency and occupational competency. In his model of innovative culinary competency, Lei Hu (2010) has positioned molecular gastronomy among new technologies that helps innovation, where other factors being creativity, culture, aesthetics, product, service and management. This underpins the fact that molecular gastronomy is a scientific gastronomic phenomenon as mentioned earlier in this literature, than a temporary style of cooking. In the age of technology dominating every aspect of human life, molecular gastronomy is the new cooking technique dominating mans nourishment. Culinary tourism Culinary tourism is a relatively new industry came into being in 2003. It can be described as a subset of tourism, where tourists also consider the enjoyment of interesting and traditional or novel and innovative food and drink, while people travel. This subset of tourism promotes every gastronomic experience, with every tourist pursuit for unique and memorable eating and drinking experience. Tourists always tend to consider the local cuisine of destination or at least consider the available cuisines, as dining out is one of the top most tourist activities and nearly 100% of tourists eat out when they travel. This trend gives a huge opportunity to restaurants use molecular gastronomy to innovate and attract their patrons. Molecular gastronomy in many parts of the world has revolutionized restaurant dining experience and at the same time, led to new enjoyment and appreciation of food. A few examples include EI Bulli in Spain and the Fat Duck in the United Kingdom (Barham et. al. 2010) , two restaurants that since adopting a new scientific approach to cooking have become widely regarded as among the best restaurants in the world. This is noticeable evidence of people accepting or influenced by the new cooking science or molecular gastronomy. When we look into the tourists trends, the opportunity for success of molecular gastronomy is apparently huge. 27 million leisure travellers have participated in culinary related travel in the last 3 years in the US, while spending $12 Billion directly on culinary related activities (Schmantowsky, year unknown). The actual market segment includes more affluent people, who are highly motivated to experience unique and memorable dining experience. Studies prove that on an average, one third of total travel budget goes towards food related activities. The top six culinary tourist destinations include California (14%), Florida (10%), New York (7%), Texas (6%), North Carolina (4%) and Georgia (4%) (Schmantowsky, year unknown). Molecular gastronomy could be a catalyst to culinary tourism which has a great potential to increase tourism generated revenue and the strategic partnership of culinary schools, hospitality organisations, chefs and scientists is the key to success of it. SWOT analysis Strengths Demand: From the time restaurants started utilizing molecular gastronomy for developing new dishes, public has widely accepted the uniqueness and newness of the experience. From the chefs point of view, MG is a tool for innovation in the field to attract their customers and stay in business. Without thinking about any downsides of the technique, thus the public as well as the industry has widely accepted molecular gastronomy, while expecting and demanding more from it. This increasing demand has made or will make molecular gastronomy much popular worldwide. Hospitality industrys enthusiasm to change: from the very early time, hospitality industry is changing every now and then, because of changing trends and tastes of customers, increasing competition, technology adoptation, and varying needs of customers. In fact this is the ever dynamic industry when compared to any other industries. This enthusiasm or eagerness of hospitality industry in general provides a great opportunity to make use of molecular gastronomy in its operations and a catalyst for further changes. Thus the science of food has got great support from the hospitality industry. As technology is easily imitated now days, due to globalisation, molecular gastronomy techniques could be easily learned by enthusiast chefs around the world. Supply of raw materials: due to the increasing demand for molecular gastronomy, the demand for the ingredients also has raised especially various thickeners, stabilizers and emulsifiers. Since the success of restaurants like EI Bulli and the fat duck, in 2005-06, this demand has further elevated. The supply of these ingredients is only available in large quantities to the food industry, restricting the use of these chemicals by untrained or unprofessional people, which is on a safer side (lersch, 2007). In Australia Suppliers has positive prospects to add value and expand their product range and services to the industry. Ingredients for molecular gastronomy Weaknesses Molecular gastronomy is still gaining popularity, and the knowledge and experience of it are limited in most parts of the world within the industry and culinary training providers. It will take fair amount of time to spread throughout the industry and will take further long period for standardisation of new recipes. Also there is limited accessibility to special ingredients and equipments such as smoking machine, blow torch and gastro vac which are much needed for cooking techniques, which is a constraint for this field at the moment. Due to the scarcity and limited accessibility, most countries working on molecular gastronomy are relying on imported goods and equipments which resulted in increased costs for the same. As most countries are relying on French and Spanish resources, where molecular gastronomy originated from, there is a limitation in independent research and experiment in the field. This situation is also made worst by the language barriers between these countries. In a ddition, the existing workload in the hospitality industry provides less time to chefs for research and experiment in molecular gastronomy. Also there are limited technical books published in English language making things much more difficult. Opportunities Hill recognizes a few opportunities for molecular gastronomy in the Australian hospitality industry, which is more or less similar to many other countries. Countries with limited access to the resources could gain knowledge and skills from internationally recognised expert chefs and broaden their set of skills by integrating molecular gastronomy into the existing culinary programmes. Apart from this professional networks should be promoted with increasing research and experiments in the field. Acquiring knowledge should be transferred to culinary students and the industry professionals to develop a culture with strong gastronomic foundation. Threats When focusing on threats to molecular gastronomy, the major barriers hindering the growth are once again the increased costs of commodities and equipments due to increased demand and supply issues. Another threat is the changing trends and demand of todays customers which may lead to decreasing popularity and in turn lead to less interest among chefs and decreased need for training in this area. It is contradictory to say that customers has widely accepted and are demanding for molecular gastronomy but at the same time changing customer behaviour can hinder the growth of molecular gastronomy. This is because the popular trend created by new dishes evolved from molecular gastronomy has been widely accepted by the public due to its newness and unique nature. But once it is popular and widely available everywhere, it is not any more new or unique. Moreover, people who have tried the molecular style of cuisine may not go for it every time, but stick back to their favourite recipes, unless molecular gastronomy can create captivating recipes every now and then. However, these reasons are not at all a barrier for the growth of this particular discipline till it gains its popularity around the world. There is another aspect of molecular gastronomy which is not emphasised in any of the studies: that is about the health. Most of the chemicals which are directly harmless to human body often have side effects. So, the intense use of chemicals in the cooking process should be of great concern. For example, most of the allopathic medicines which cures disease, mostly have foreseen negative side effects causing ill health. Just like that extreme use of various chemicals in molecular gastronomy to alter the physical form of foods should be studied in detail before it is commercially popular. More over the technique to change the texture, consistency and taste of food in molecular level could be maltreated in future just like invention of atomic reactions meant for energy are later used to make atom bombs, which is now a threat for human existence. Conclusion Molecular gastronomy is a pathway to innovation in culinary industry for chefs and a wonderful new enjoyment for the customers. Even though this field of science has proved its scientific nature and uniqueness, still there is a second opinion among the chefs in the industry. This may be due to the fact that major role in this respect is limited to the French and Spanish with limited resources available to the rest of the world. Better translation of the resources and international co-operation among the professionals may help to educate everyone working in the industry, thus creating a holistic awareness about this discipline. But at the same time, while molecular gastronomy gives way to unbelievable innovations, there is a need for preserving the old traditional recipes which remain successful without any alterations for years. Molecular gastronomy is a milestone in the culinary industry, taking it into another level, while correcting the old recipes scientifically and inventing new trendy ones. Hospitality being an ever dynamic industry, and with the evolution of culinary tourism, it became essential for entrepreneurs to exhibit innovation and new trends in customer service, which is enhanced by molecular gastronomy to a great extend. Although this is the case, due to limited awareness and popularity among the public, certain areas of molecular gastronomy is still in distrust. Intense use of chemicals to change the physical and chemical properties of food is giving room for scepticism. This calls for a controlling body in each country and globally for close monitoring the work in molecular gastronomy, as there are organisations to control food hygiene and nutrition. This will provide certain norms for experiments and new recipes using the molecular gastronomic technology, before it reaches the public.