Strategic Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategic Managment - Essay Example Lack of a specific strategy is a "surefire ticket for organizational drift, competitive mediocrity, internal wheel-spinning, and lackluster results (Thomson 2002)." Second, Thomson argues that business entities need to devise and implement strategies, as the efforts of all the functional areas in the company should be molded into a "coordinated, compatible whole." A comprehensive strategy takes all the business units into account making each action mutually supportive. Without a well-laid out strategic plan, there will be no basis for uniting the efforts of all the functional areas, no clear direction on the business decisions and plans that the business takes, and no conscious business model for profit generation. Strategic management is therefore one of the most crucial areas in management. Coming up with a specific strategy, which will be the basis of company's actions, processes and decisions is a must. A well-crafted strategy is indispensable to the company's long-term success. It is therefore important that a business entity comes up with a unique strategy tailored for the achievement of its goals and objectives. Devising a purposeful and efficient strategy is a tedious task and managers should be armed with different techniques in diagnosing the company in order to prescribe the "right" strategy. Different models are employed to aid managers in this strategy making process. This paper will look at the two models, which are typically employed by managers in order to ascertain the needed strategy for the company namely, value chain and SWOT analysis. In order to fully look at the strengths and limitations of these models, they will be utilized to assess the performance of Dell Incorporated, one of the leading computer manufacturers and distributors. I. COMPANY PROFILE: DELL, INCORPORATED Michael Dell, who is also regarded as the computer industry's longest tenured chief executive officer, founded Dell Computer Corporation in 1984. Later in 2003, the company changed its name to Dell, Incorporated. The company is one of the most famous manufacturers of computer worldwide, which caters to the needs of individual and corporate clients with a very unique business concept (About Dell 2004). Dell Incorporated is headquartered in Rock Round, Texas. Dell, Inc. and its subsidiaries are actively involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, sale, and support of a range of computer systems and services worldwide. The main business activity of Dell is in the provision of products and services to customers, which enables them to establish their information technology and Internet infrastructures. Dell offers a wide array of products and services to its clients. The company's broad product line incorporates enterprise systems which includes servers, storage, workstations, and networking products; client systems, such as notebook and desktop computer systems; printing and imaging systems; and software and peripherals, including titles, monitors, plasma and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) televisions, MP3 players, handhelds, and notebook accessories (Dell Inc. 2005). Aside from these products, Dell also offers a wide range of services, including information techn

By the way, meet Vera Stark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

By the way, meet Vera Stark - Essay Example During years it became the speaker for Afro-Americans and their view on actual social problems and past prejudices, Penumbra Theater is concentrated on the Afro-American’s focus and perspective of seeing important things and showing them to public. Penumbra Theater stage though small does not make public feel unnatural, it looks atmospheric and creates an effect of coziness and hospitality. But of course it is not the building, which looks classically inside, but people who make all performances wonderful and glorious. Talking about Vera Stark, we can’t forget about great sets work by C. Lance Brockman, beautiful musical pieces by music director Sanford Moore and highly professional dancing performances organized by chorographical director Austene Van. Surely. Moreover, taking into consideration that Vera Spark is a historical play costume work is very important. Matthew LeFebvre made everything look real and convincing. My special attention goes to elegant and perfectly placed bright red dress of the main heroine. Vera and her friends in maid uniforms were looking attractive and natural too. Gloria Mitchell’s appearance was always perfect, calling up all those archetypes of femme-fatales and glorious women from the Golden Era of Hollywood. All costumes created atmospheric feeling of thirties and allowed believing in actors` play even more. Marcus Dilliard on lighting and Martin Gwinup responsible for sound and video design (especially good work with the television piece) altogether make the whole performance look natural and made viewer to pay attention to every little piece and detail. â€Å"By the Way, Meet Vera Spark† was written by Lynn Nottage whose â€Å"Ruined† won Pulitzer Prize in 2009. Vera Spark is an Afro-American women trying to reach the stars in the 1930’s Golden Age of Hollywood and also helping Gloria Mitchell, successful movie star. Vera is a main heroine; she is persuasive, active, smart, and

Aim Of Molecular Gastronomy Media Essay

Aim Of Molecular Gastronomy Media Essay The art of cooking is as old as humanity and cooking is such an important part of our world which obviously needs scientific attention. Although science has contributed to food safety, hygiene and nutritional aspects, little has been done towards innovation and invention of new dishes. The ancient Greek words, gastro means stomach and nomos means law, collectively termed as gastronomy, which in contemporary hospitality industry means food and culture. It generally refers to the study of relationship between food and culture with interdisciplinary approaches. This literature attempts to explain molecular gastronomy, its origin and evolution, along with its relevance and contributions to the contemporary hospitality industry. Cooking and gastronomy Even though molecular gastronomy has attracted media attention for quite a while, still there is confusion about the true meaning of the term. To explain this, cooking and gastronomy has to be distinguished first. Cooking is the preparation of raw food into edible, whereas gastronomy is the knowledge of whatever concerns mans nourishment. Gastronomy is about chemical and physical transformation behind the preparation of any food, for example, the reason behind egg white puffs up when whipped or mayonnaise becomes firm. (This, 2006). According to HerveThis, the science of food is not new but dates back to second century BC, when preparation of meat stock-the aqueous solution obtained by thermal processing of animal tissues in water-has been of great interest. Since then, scientists have been interested in food and cooking which gave way to molecular gastronomy. If culinary history is scrutinised, it will be clear that, initially food experts studied the culinary science to steer clear of blind assumptions and unscientific ways of cooking. But today, the science of food has reached its extreme in the form of molecular gastronomy, which chemically examines the food and cooking in its molecular level to give a new face for cooking and change the total concept of commercial cooking in near future. Molecular gastronomy The scientific discipline dedicated to culinary industry and to gastronomical phenomena in general has been called molecular gastronomy the late Nicholas Kurti and HerveThis (This, 2005). Molecular gastronomy can also be defined as a field that attempts to improve the culinary techniques through understanding the composition and chemical transformations occurring in food during the process of cooking (Ankeny, Year Unknown). Gastronomy or molecular gastronomy is the science just like any other science in the world, which studies the cause and effect of anything that happens during cooking including the structural difference in same cooking ingredients of different quality, which have an effect on the final product. If we can answer the question, we can correct a mistake, use this knowledge to improve the cooking process or even invent new dishes or ways to prepare food. For example, if we know that when an egg is cooked, water evaporates, the proteins denature and polymerize to enclos e water, we can even use substitute methods to cook it, like adding alcohol to it, which denature the egg proteins and gives the same result. Molecular gastronomy also deals with the study of human senses and perception of taste, aroma, texture and temperature, in short, the sensory science known as chemesthesis (berham et. al, 2010). It studies the perception of senses in molecular level in order to understand how different dishes are perceived as awful, average, good or delicious, when they are made of similar ingredients. Although chemesthesis of human beings are the same, people of different genre appreciates different types of food. For example westerners cooking style is entirely different from Asians, and while Asians appreciate spicy food, most westerners do not. At a glance, molecular gastronomy can be described as applying the techniques of food scientists to fine dining drying, liquefying, gassing, freezing and generally transforming ingredients into surprising new forms and textures while maintaining the flavours. Early converts include French two-star chef Pierre Gagnaire, who added scallops with liquorice milk to his menu in 1991 (Hill. B, 2009). Aim of molecular gastronomy Being the science of cooking, molecular gastronomy has a few aims in the field of domestic and commercial cooking. It endeavours to remodel and scrutinise existing recipes, introduce new tools, products and methods, invent new dishes from the acquiring knowledge and use the appeal of food to promote food science (This, 2006). Before analysing the aims, a significant question is that, who is actually interested in molecular gastronomy? Is it the chefs who are interested in chemical and physical science of food or scientists who are interested in food and cooking? Answer could go both the ways. Chefs are always interested in innovation in culinary art, which obviously needed scientific help to explain the reasons for transformation that occur in the cooking process. For remodelling a recipe or innovating a new dish they had to understand what actually happens to any food when it undergoes different forms of cooking. For this reason they needed scientific help to explain the reasons behind any cooking process or transformation. But at the same time, scientists are interested in the scientific aspects of food rather than innovation and remodelling recipes. Hence, molecular gastronomy can be said to be teamwork of food science and cooking or in other words, chefs and scientists. However, chefs made use of scie ntific explanation of cooking processes which resulted in innovation in food industry or more apparently molecular gastronomy. But today, with worldwide recognition of molecular gastronomy, it has evolved as a collaboration of chefs, scientists, companies in food industry and culinary schools. In addition, efforts are being made to incorporate the new science into culinary schools to impart knowledge of molecular gastronomy into upcoming industry professionals to provide a new visage to the food and beverage industry. Continuing with the aims of molecular gastronomy, remodelling and scrutinising the existing recipes is one of the primary attempts, initially by educating the professionals about the chances of scientific approach to cooking art. Complex disperse systems formalism (This, 2006) was introduced to describe the microscopic structure of preparations with different phases, to help in this attempt. Consequently, many of the existing recipes has been modernized or modified to correct the mistakes, attain a better product and to better favour the palate of the customer. Educational efforts are equally important to standardise these remodelled recipes to achieve consistency. For this reason, several programmes were introduced in culinary schools internationally. In 2001, the experimental workshop on flavour was created in French schools. Universities in various countries, such as the Netherlands, Denmark and Argentina have set up professorships in this discipline. Since then, Canada and France have introduced new syllabus for culinary schools to include knowledge obtained from molecular gastronomy. In 2005, the Institute for Advanced Studies on Flavour, Gastronomy and the Culinary Arts was created in Reims, France, to promote gastronomy knowledge, including molecular gastronomy. New or remodelled recipes to a great extent involve new cooking techniques which need new systems and tools. So, quite obviously, molecular gastronomy is introducing or giving way to new cooking tools and techniques, taking the art of cooking into another level. In terms of new products, with the help of molecular gastronomy, it is now possible to customise the food to the need of different people with different diet requirements, without restricting the taste and palatability of their meals. For example, now a day, caviar can be artificially made (in fact something looks and tastes like caviar) from fruits and chemicals. Similarly, using the secret of food chemistry, different ingredients can be used to make several dishes which look, smells and tastes like original dishes, which have no ingredients of the original dish. Even though the dishes tastes and feel like original, the ingredients can be different, thus giving us an opportunity to try different dishes with in the diet restr ictions or in other words, altering an unhealthy food into healthy one without altering the original taste of the same. Health programmes that promote a balanced diet cannot succeed if people are unable to make intelligent choices about food. Traditional cooking is not a guarantee either for healthy food or for a rational preparation of food. This is where the scientific programme of molecular gastronomy can be useful. Science is the basis for new technology and innovation and it is not different in gastronomy. The achievements of science in the field of gastronomy have won a definite recognition worldwide. However, for chefs, and hopefully scientists as well, the main aim is to surprise and delight their guests with exciting, tasty and healthy food. Molecular gastronomy in contemporary hospitality industry With the development of tourism industry, the science of domestic and commercial cooking has moved from the hands of a few key players to the dominion of serious scientific venture. In the context of serious competition, every element in the food service industry is striving to adopt innovation and novelty using technology, to which molecular gastronomy has given a new face of distinctiveness. The cooking chemistry or molecular cuisine has helped the modern restaurants to a great extend to enhance cooking speed, service speed and very obviously the food quality along with the ability to keep the food fresh. A few techniques in molecular gastronomy Colloids Colloid is a chemical substance dispersed in molecular level evenly throughout one another. The particles of the dispersed substance are only suspended in the blend, unlike in a solution in which they are totally dissolved. This takes place because the elements in a colloid are larger than in a liquid. The colloidal system is used for making different types of foam, solid gel, emulsion and solid emulsion. Lecithin (Lecite) Lecithin is phospholipids extracted from soybean, partially water-soluble, and an emulsifier that helps fat and water stay together. For that reason, it is often added to chocolate, cheese, margarine, and salad dressing. It has health benefits, such as reducing cholesterol intensity. It is often added to flavoured liquids and then mixed to generate foams that are topped onto dishes to offer added appearance and texture. Maltodextrin powder Maltodextrin is a complex carbohydrate consisting of dextrose (glucose), maltose, maltotriose and higher polysaccharides. Maltodextrin is used in a wide variety of products, extending from bodybuilders, animal trainers (horses and greyhounds) to pharmaceutical manufacturers. Tapioca maltrodextrin is a popular product used to make powdered oil and fat products such as white truffle powder, and olive oil powder. Guar Gum Guar is a white free flowing powder, completely soluble in hot or cold water to form a tasteless, odourless, non-toxic solution. Guar gum powder has five to eight times the coagulating power of starch. It is mainly used as a binding agent, mixtures, thickener, and emulsifier in food products, such as cheese spreads, ice cream and other frozen desserts. Methylcellulose This forms a gel when heated, and melts into liquid when it cools. This is similar to gelatine. This quality can improve a food if it undergoes heating in its preparation and requires stability at cooking temperature (for example: preventing a sauce from thinning out). It is used as a binding agent for foods that need to keep their parts collectively. Products such as pasta, vegetable burgers, onion rings, and potato products are improved by its combining strength. This is due to its cohesive nature at low temperatures and the structural integrity at higher temperatures. Implementation and provision of MG in hospitality industry Molecular gastronomy principles, practices and provisions items have captured the intellect of both the chefs and their customers worldwide. Although initially intended to cater for the high purpose of the gourmet market, molecular gastronomy has been welcomed in assorted areas of the hospitality industry. Useful dining restaurants, cafà ©s and bistros, avail venues, specialist bars, prestigious and mainstream hotels; and all the more establishments that specialise in pastry and desserts are incorporating this style of cuisine to assorted degrees into their operations. As any other fields, molecular gastronomy also attracted much criticism from food writers and chefs around the world. Many established chefs did not accept molecular gastronomy as scientific gastronomic phenomena but labelled it as temporary style of cuisine (Hill, 2009). But in the context of Australian hospitality industry, hampering of successful insertion of molecular gastronomy was a lack of firsthand experience and training, which was recognized both by industry as well as the government. Another barrier facing the Australian industry is the inadequate supply and high prices for specialist food chemicals and equipments to incorporate various techniques of molecular gastronomy. The distribution of these chemicals and equipments are limited to a few suppliers and shops. Even though this is the case, Hill had identified a few restaurants in Victoria such as Fenix, Interlude and Vue de monde that offer limited molecular gastronomic techniques throughout their menus. Competition There is no doubt that hospitality industry is facing increasing competition than ever before. To withstand this pressure of competition, chefs should be able to remain innovative and attract new as well as existing customers by satisfying their demandingly increasing sophisticated expectations. In fact people are always looking for new and unique experiences. As a result of this, in recent years there has been a great emphasis on innovation, creativity and importance of innovation competency. In response, many chefs has accepted the concept of molecular gastronomy and working on it to achieve greater innovative competency and occupational competency. In his model of innovative culinary competency, Lei Hu (2010) has positioned molecular gastronomy among new technologies that helps innovation, where other factors being creativity, culture, aesthetics, product, service and management. This underpins the fact that molecular gastronomy is a scientific gastronomic phenomenon as mentioned earlier in this literature, than a temporary style of cooking. In the age of technology dominating every aspect of human life, molecular gastronomy is the new cooking technique dominating mans nourishment. Culinary tourism Culinary tourism is a relatively new industry came into being in 2003. It can be described as a subset of tourism, where tourists also consider the enjoyment of interesting and traditional or novel and innovative food and drink, while people travel. This subset of tourism promotes every gastronomic experience, with every tourist pursuit for unique and memorable eating and drinking experience. Tourists always tend to consider the local cuisine of destination or at least consider the available cuisines, as dining out is one of the top most tourist activities and nearly 100% of tourists eat out when they travel. This trend gives a huge opportunity to restaurants use molecular gastronomy to innovate and attract their patrons. Molecular gastronomy in many parts of the world has revolutionized restaurant dining experience and at the same time, led to new enjoyment and appreciation of food. A few examples include EI Bulli in Spain and the Fat Duck in the United Kingdom (Barham et. al. 2010) , two restaurants that since adopting a new scientific approach to cooking have become widely regarded as among the best restaurants in the world. This is noticeable evidence of people accepting or influenced by the new cooking science or molecular gastronomy. When we look into the tourists trends, the opportunity for success of molecular gastronomy is apparently huge. 27 million leisure travellers have participated in culinary related travel in the last 3 years in the US, while spending $12 Billion directly on culinary related activities (Schmantowsky, year unknown). The actual market segment includes more affluent people, who are highly motivated to experience unique and memorable dining experience. Studies prove that on an average, one third of total travel budget goes towards food related activities. The top six culinary tourist destinations include California (14%), Florida (10%), New York (7%), Texas (6%), North Carolina (4%) and Georgia (4%) (Schmantowsky, year unknown). Molecular gastronomy could be a catalyst to culinary tourism which has a great potential to increase tourism generated revenue and the strategic partnership of culinary schools, hospitality organisations, chefs and scientists is the key to success of it. SWOT analysis Strengths Demand: From the time restaurants started utilizing molecular gastronomy for developing new dishes, public has widely accepted the uniqueness and newness of the experience. From the chefs point of view, MG is a tool for innovation in the field to attract their customers and stay in business. Without thinking about any downsides of the technique, thus the public as well as the industry has widely accepted molecular gastronomy, while expecting and demanding more from it. This increasing demand has made or will make molecular gastronomy much popular worldwide. Hospitality industrys enthusiasm to change: from the very early time, hospitality industry is changing every now and then, because of changing trends and tastes of customers, increasing competition, technology adoptation, and varying needs of customers. In fact this is the ever dynamic industry when compared to any other industries. This enthusiasm or eagerness of hospitality industry in general provides a great opportunity to make use of molecular gastronomy in its operations and a catalyst for further changes. Thus the science of food has got great support from the hospitality industry. As technology is easily imitated now days, due to globalisation, molecular gastronomy techniques could be easily learned by enthusiast chefs around the world. Supply of raw materials: due to the increasing demand for molecular gastronomy, the demand for the ingredients also has raised especially various thickeners, stabilizers and emulsifiers. Since the success of restaurants like EI Bulli and the fat duck, in 2005-06, this demand has further elevated. The supply of these ingredients is only available in large quantities to the food industry, restricting the use of these chemicals by untrained or unprofessional people, which is on a safer side (lersch, 2007). In Australia Suppliers has positive prospects to add value and expand their product range and services to the industry. Ingredients for molecular gastronomy Weaknesses Molecular gastronomy is still gaining popularity, and the knowledge and experience of it are limited in most parts of the world within the industry and culinary training providers. It will take fair amount of time to spread throughout the industry and will take further long period for standardisation of new recipes. Also there is limited accessibility to special ingredients and equipments such as smoking machine, blow torch and gastro vac which are much needed for cooking techniques, which is a constraint for this field at the moment. Due to the scarcity and limited accessibility, most countries working on molecular gastronomy are relying on imported goods and equipments which resulted in increased costs for the same. As most countries are relying on French and Spanish resources, where molecular gastronomy originated from, there is a limitation in independent research and experiment in the field. This situation is also made worst by the language barriers between these countries. In a ddition, the existing workload in the hospitality industry provides less time to chefs for research and experiment in molecular gastronomy. Also there are limited technical books published in English language making things much more difficult. Opportunities Hill recognizes a few opportunities for molecular gastronomy in the Australian hospitality industry, which is more or less similar to many other countries. Countries with limited access to the resources could gain knowledge and skills from internationally recognised expert chefs and broaden their set of skills by integrating molecular gastronomy into the existing culinary programmes. Apart from this professional networks should be promoted with increasing research and experiments in the field. Acquiring knowledge should be transferred to culinary students and the industry professionals to develop a culture with strong gastronomic foundation. Threats When focusing on threats to molecular gastronomy, the major barriers hindering the growth are once again the increased costs of commodities and equipments due to increased demand and supply issues. Another threat is the changing trends and demand of todays customers which may lead to decreasing popularity and in turn lead to less interest among chefs and decreased need for training in this area. It is contradictory to say that customers has widely accepted and are demanding for molecular gastronomy but at the same time changing customer behaviour can hinder the growth of molecular gastronomy. This is because the popular trend created by new dishes evolved from molecular gastronomy has been widely accepted by the public due to its newness and unique nature. But once it is popular and widely available everywhere, it is not any more new or unique. Moreover, people who have tried the molecular style of cuisine may not go for it every time, but stick back to their favourite recipes, unless molecular gastronomy can create captivating recipes every now and then. However, these reasons are not at all a barrier for the growth of this particular discipline till it gains its popularity around the world. There is another aspect of molecular gastronomy which is not emphasised in any of the studies: that is about the health. Most of the chemicals which are directly harmless to human body often have side effects. So, the intense use of chemicals in the cooking process should be of great concern. For example, most of the allopathic medicines which cures disease, mostly have foreseen negative side effects causing ill health. Just like that extreme use of various chemicals in molecular gastronomy to alter the physical form of foods should be studied in detail before it is commercially popular. More over the technique to change the texture, consistency and taste of food in molecular level could be maltreated in future just like invention of atomic reactions meant for energy are later used to make atom bombs, which is now a threat for human existence. Conclusion Molecular gastronomy is a pathway to innovation in culinary industry for chefs and a wonderful new enjoyment for the customers. Even though this field of science has proved its scientific nature and uniqueness, still there is a second opinion among the chefs in the industry. This may be due to the fact that major role in this respect is limited to the French and Spanish with limited resources available to the rest of the world. Better translation of the resources and international co-operation among the professionals may help to educate everyone working in the industry, thus creating a holistic awareness about this discipline. But at the same time, while molecular gastronomy gives way to unbelievable innovations, there is a need for preserving the old traditional recipes which remain successful without any alterations for years. Molecular gastronomy is a milestone in the culinary industry, taking it into another level, while correcting the old recipes scientifically and inventing new trendy ones. Hospitality being an ever dynamic industry, and with the evolution of culinary tourism, it became essential for entrepreneurs to exhibit innovation and new trends in customer service, which is enhanced by molecular gastronomy to a great extend. Although this is the case, due to limited awareness and popularity among the public, certain areas of molecular gastronomy is still in distrust. Intense use of chemicals to change the physical and chemical properties of food is giving room for scepticism. This calls for a controlling body in each country and globally for close monitoring the work in molecular gastronomy, as there are organisations to control food hygiene and nutrition. This will provide certain norms for experiments and new recipes using the molecular gastronomic technology, before it reaches the public.

Christian Sybolism in Beowulf Essay -- Christianity epic Poem Beowulf

Christian Sybolism in Beowulf Within the poem Beowulf, the poet utilizes the Christian religion to symbolize the elements of good and evil and Heaven and Hell. Beowulf is the oldest known English epic poem. The manuscripts date back to about 1000 A.D., when two scribes wrote it down for posterity. The poem was handed down from the Anglo-Saxon period, and through the retelling of the poem, it changed a little each time. The poem creates an oral depiction of an epic hero who strived to fight against the forces of evil. There really was a â€Å"historical† Beowulf who helped the Geats and Danes fight off pirates, but he was neither King of the Geats nor Danish hero at any time. In fact, he was not considered a man of any extraordinary qualities, much different than the Beowulf in the poem. Christianity influenced much of the literature during this period of time. Although the poem never mentions Christ, the poet did use various characters and references to the Old Testament. The poet uses them sparing ly, but the references to biblical events and characters are clearly evident. Protected by God, King Hrothgar became a mighty ruler over the lands surrounding Herot. When Grendel, an epitome of sin, comes into the poem, Hrothgar was probably less worried about himself, and more worried about his people. He was not â€Å"an old pathetic king, incapable of protecting his people†(Bloom 47). He was described as being a famous hero because of his goodness and great wisdom. Made of earthen walls covered by gold and ivory, Herot’s beauty and reverence reigned throughout the land. â€Å"Herot, the great hall becomes an emblem for God’s word itself †(Chickering 271). Fire has and probably always will be a representation of evil. I... ..., â€Å"[Beowulf’s] sacrificial death is not seen as tragic, but as the fitting end of a good ( some would say â€Å"too good†) hero’s life† (Bolton 1). Bibliography: â€Å"Beowulf†. Elements in Literature. Holt, Rhinehart, and Winston. Harcourt Brace and Company, 1997. Bloom, Harold. â€Å"Beowulf.† Bloom’s Reviews: Beowulf. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999. 46-47. Bolton, W.F., The New History of Literature: The Middle Ages. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1986. Chickering Jr., Harold D. Beowulf: A Dual Language Edition. New York: Doubleday, 1977, 267-277 Gardner, John. Grendel. New York: Random House, Inc., 1971. Price, Martin, et al. The Oxford Anthology of English Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973. 24-26. The Student Bible. New International Version. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1996.

American Development

The view on the country’s liberty and union has been the point of contention for federalist and anti federalist parties who seek to establish their ideal form of government based on arguments that address the different issues involved and the flaws created by the opposition. During the late 1700’s, both Federalist and anti Federalist papers were published to influence the formation and the people’s sentiment on the interpretation of the government’s power, responsibility and limitation based on the newly formed constitution.Different papers and literary propaganda were published by both Federalist and anti Federalist authors under different pseudonyms. The most notable federalist authors are James Madison, Patrick Henry, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay who wrote the different articles contained in a collection of 85 Federalist papers. The Federalist papers were made to serve as a source to help the people understand the constitution and its implications on the government. Basically, it advocated the establishment of a federal government over the previous leadership based on the articles of confederation.The Federalist were able to confirm and establish the significance and viability of a central government as opposed to the limitations brought about by the separate sovereignty, power and authority of local leadership established within each state (Bailyn 23). The Federal government envisioned by the Federalist Party is considered to be the balancing tool in assigning and redistributing the government powers so as to prevent abuse and misplaced authority by any person in position.As opposed to the articles of confederation which seeks to establish the individual sovereignty and power of each state, the federalist argued that an individual state free from any sanctions and limitations by a central power could possibility overpower a neighboring state without any preemptive legal ramifications. This could be prevented by putting all of the states under one leadership which is subjected to the constitution and implements its decisions with consideration to the implications it has to all the human rights, state and government laws, equality and fairness could be preserved.The government envisioned by the Federalist is to serve for the people and by the people. The concept of liberty and union by the federalist can be summarized through the concept of equal distribution of power within the government. The newly written constitution is interpreted in such a way that the greatest benefit of the governed people could be portrayed as the purpose of the law. The Federalist 1 written by Hamilton is the first among the Federalist papers.The main purpose of this portion is to dispose of the articles of confederation which is depicted as insufficient and lacking of all the positive attributes to render the government effective in uniting the country. The federalist established that the key to the prosperity and development of the country is the creation of a union between the states. Conformity within the whole country will help the people achieve growth in a linear direction that will preserve a lasting relationship among all the citizens from different parts of the country.Liberty from discrimination, poverty and conflicts could be achieved through a truthful union (Bailyn 43). Another issue addressed in the federalist papers is the existence of a faction which is considered a threat to the union and peace in the country. Specifically addressed in the federalist 10, factions could be in the form of a group of people or community which has a special interest contrasting to the general good of the population.Considering the fact that a divide country could easily succumb to war and poverty, people should safeguard the implementation of the constitution as a part of their community and state. The establishment of the concept contained in the federalist paper has helped people define and address the prese nt problems they are encountering under the articles of confederation. Prior to the establishment of the United States constitution, the individualism among the different states serve as the trend in which the people conducted their economic and political policies.This led to disunity and disparity of purpose which most of the time resulted in conflicts and anarchy. The Federalist Party has seen the need to establish a unified consciousness among the localities founding the different states to avoid misunderstanding and selfish objectives which only disrupt the national process of development. The government under the new constitution is not exempt from the laws which are implemented throughout the country. One of the most important aspects of union and liberty is the equal distribution of power within the government.This could be achieved by distributing equal power to the different branches of the government in which they have the capacity to refute and cancel out any form of exce ssiveness that could occur from any of the branches. The constitution is the only limiting factor that sets the borders of what the authorities and officials can do. Contrary to what the anti Federalist Party was claiming, the president is not a king since the judiciary branch could pursue a case of violation against any leader who has violated the law.The function of equality within the government and country is made possible through the processes found within the law and constitution. Among the most famous and influential anti federalists people during the late 1700’s included George Clinton and William West. The anti federalist party was immediately established as soon as the new constitution was published. Conflicts between the viability of the new constitution and the government and its bearing on the liberty of the people have been expressed by the anti federalist as the main issue to be tackled.The individualism created by the previously instituted articles of the conf ederation has established an isolated and localized form of governance within the states that has resulted in disarray and chaos which led some of the politicians to believe that a central government which has the power to govern the whole country would be much more complicated and impossible to achieve. The Federalist Party was composed of varying groups with different beliefs regarding the violation and existence of the constitution.The Borden collection has all the 85 articles regarding the anti federalist movement and how it establishes all the facts and information which seemed to validate the claims of the people involved. Among the claims found in the Borden collection was published and written by George Clinton who was known as â€Å"Cato† during that time. He claims that the central government which was established along with the new constitution could easily violate the individual sovereignty enjoyed by the different states in the country.He believed that the person al freedom of the people could easily be manipulated by the president which he considers as the king of the government. The federalist quickly refuted his claim, since the President elect is subjected to the same laws and restrictions which are set in place for the common person. George Clinton also claimed that the viability and survival of a single government for the whole country as an effective governing body seemed to be impossible and would only waste the resources of the nation (Borden 31).Patrick Henry, a famous and well known revolutionary, was one of the firmest anti federalist during that time. He argues that individualism of the states is violated through the implementation of a linear constitution. He claims that the government could possibly undermine the economic viability of a state since it has no way of monitoring the condition the local conditions present in the area. It is better to have a local government since it could easily implement the ideal laws that suite s the state’s condition. Development could be achieved through micromanaging since it is practical and convenient (Borden 12).By analyzing the collective thoughts of the members of the anti federalist movement, individualism is the key issue which they argue is lost through an absolute central government. Some argue that an ideal government would target the economic viability of the whole country by using the resources of the south and the north to its advantages. Since there is only one government, objectivity to the success, growth and improvement of a state is lost. The Principles of the Declaration of independence is highly critical to the success of the government and the new constitution established.The federal government has taken into account the existence of equality among men and the sacredness of freedom in considering the dignity of a person. That is why the federal government set in place allows the authority and power to be distributed equally and without bias t o its branches to avoid excessiveness and abuse due to misplacement of power and privileges. The main concept of union and equality is perpetrated through the unified linear growth projected from a single federal government for the whole country.The transition from a divided country based on the articles of confederation allowed the American people to view the future of a country from a single unified perspective. The existence of each state is complementary to each other allowing liberty to be preserved. The Declaration of Independence guided the federalist movement in maintaining objectivity in establish a stable and fair government through out the United States of America. Basically, the individualistic claims by the anti Federalist Party has been refuted since the unity and liberty of the country could be preserved through the establishment of equal power through the country.The government itself is subjected to the same laws which govern the different states. The federal govern ment confirms the existence of an absolute constitution which establishes that no man is above the law. References Bailyn, Bernard, The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle over Ratification Library of America, 1993. Borden, Morton, The Antifederalist Papers, Michigan State University Press, 1965.

Potato Osmosis Lab Report

Abstract:In this experiment was designed to study the effect of a concentrated solution applied to white and sweet potatoes. The solution’s impact among the potatoes were to be either hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic. The potatoes were first cut into fries with a fry cutter, and then weighed after being cut. The white and sweet potatoes’ weights ranged from .005-.015 grams.A total of 18 sugar solutions are to be made over the course of 3 trials. In each trial, 6 different types of solutions are to be made. (0% sugar, 10% sugar, 20% sugar, 30% sugar, 40% sugar, and 50% sugar). For each trial, in 6 plastic cups, pour 100mL of water, combine the sugar that in which corresponds to the percentage of sugar, and place one â€Å"potato fry† in each cup. In the first and second trials, use the sweet potatoes. In the third trial, use the white potatoes. LABELTHE CUPS ACCORDING TO THE MIXED SOLUTION! Leave the potatoes to sit for a 24-hour period.Introduction: Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration in the presence of water. An isotonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes is the same inside the cell as outside the cell (STAYS THE SAME). A hypotonic solution will have a lower concentration of solutes than the cell (SWELLS).A hypertonic solution will have a higher concentration of solutes than the cell and will have a higher osmotic pressure outside the cell than inside the cell. (SHRINKS) The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of one concentrated solution (with different percentages of solute) on white and sweet potatoes. If a .015 white potato is placed in solution with 50% sugar, then it will shrink! (Hypotonic)Materials: †¢Sugar †¢Water †¢Potato Fry Cutter †¢Plastic Cups †¢Black Permanent Marker †¢Graduated Cylinder †¢1 Sweet Potato †¢1 White PotatoProcedures:1.Accumul ate 1 white and 1 sweet potato. 2.Cut potatoes into fries with a fry cutter and weigh 12 white potato fries and 6 sweet potato fries. 3.For each trial, in 6 plastic cups, pour 100mL of water, combine the sugar that in which corresponds to the percentage of sugar. LABEL THE CUPS! 4.Place one potato fry in each cup. 5.In the first and second trials, use the sweet potatoes. In the third trial, use the white potatoes. 6.Leave the potato fries to sit for 24-hours.Controls: The controls include the time, temperature, and 100mL of each water, ETC. Independent Variables: The independent variables include the solutions tested, ETC. Dependent Variables: The potatoes’ ability to swell, shrink or stay the same, ETC.Conclusion: Through experimentation, â€Å"If a .015 white potato is placed in solution with 50% sugar, then it will shrink† hypothesis was accurately proved. To further better this experiment, I would extend the time over a course of 2 hours and would test the experime nt outside on the sun.Questions: What causes sugar to shrink and swell things? Why did some potatoes swell and others didn’t that had the same weight and percentage of sugar?

Aztecs7rough essays

Aztecs7rough essays The history of the Aztecs begins with the Mayan civilization of Mesoamerica. The greatest power the Americas had ever seen, the Maya were advanced in agriculture, as they had learned from the Incas, and built huge cities, with pyramids that told the movement of the planets and the earths course around the sun. The Maya spawned a small, yet advanced sub culture known as the Toltecs; however, their prosperity was to be short lived. Some time before 1300 AD the Aztecs came down from the mountain plains of central America and brought burning death to the peaceful, burgeoning, Toltecs. They slaughtered the Toltecs with arrows and knives, destroying all that was their culture. Then the Aztecs rooted themselves in the place of the Toltecs, taking their lands and their cities for their own. The name Aztec was to be feared, and was indeed feared by the neighboring tribes, they were a savage warrior people, obsessed with death and decay, only the slaughter of their enemies brought the Aztecs satisfaction. The warrior men ruled their society, with the women having little say. About 1325 AD, the Aztecs built the magnificent city of Tenochtitlan, which was nothing less than a wonder. The city sat on small islands in the middle of a lake, all interconnected by causeways and gangplanks, with canals running throughout. They built great barges of woven grass, which they piled dirt on for farming; huge drawbridges of wood connected the city to the mainland, these were raised in time of danger, and danger was always close to the Aztecs. Like the Maya, they raided the houses of their subjects and took them captive, their very own people, and then sacrificed them in great pits of flame to their evil gods of death. The people had no recourse, and lived under the tyrannical rule of the emperor, who was elected by the nobles of the city. They oppressed their neighbors, taxing heavily on all goods, and taking sign ...

Compare and Contrast Daisy and Myrtle Essays

Compare and Contrast Daisy and Myrtle Essays Compare and Contrast Daisy and Myrtle Paper Compare and Contrast Daisy and Myrtle Paper There are many similarities and differences between Myrtle and Daisy in â€Å"The Great Gatsby†. They both liked Tom and they both were pretty but they were different in many ways also. Daisy was rich and Myrtle was lower-middle class. They both were good to Tom to but only one of them liked Tom the most. Daisy and Myrtle have different styles of how they dress and the makeup they wear. Daisy dresses in pale white contrasts. For example, when her and Nick finally meet at her and Tom’s mansion she is wearing a white dress with white heels. She really likes to dress in white. It seems that while the story unfolds she is always wearing something of a contrast. While Daisy dresses with mostly saturated colors. For example, when Tom and Nick take her to one of Tom’s apartments in town, she is wearing a reddish-brownish colored dress with crimson red lipstick on. Myrtle is a girl who shows she wants to have fun and dresses in just about anything she has. Myrtle show’s Tom love that Daisy rarely shows Tom. Both of them love Tom but Myrtle show’s that Tom means more to her than Daisy. The girls show that social status doesn’t mean anything to them. Daisy is from a wealthy family and loves Tom due to him being rich and married right away. For example, Tom and Daisy live in East Egg, the richer of the two Eggs. Daisy only wants Tom for his money. Daisy is from a rich family and has money on hand. Myrtle also loves Tom for his money but also on how Tom is attractive to her. For example, Myrtle and Tom are always in town with friends having a few drinks. Myrtle and Tom are soul mates, they were meant for each other. Daisy and Myrtle both love Tom, but Daisy doesn’t know that Tom is cheating on her. Daisy and Myrtle both share a common comparison. They are cheating on their husbands for the man they are really in love with. For example, Daisy is still in love with Gatsby, when she finally got to see Gatsby at his mansion in West Egg, she was so thrilled to see him. Daisy always loved Gatsby, because Gatsby gave Daisy something Tom couldn’t and that was love. Myrtle was cheating on George, because he borrowed a suit for their wedding and Tom loved Myrtle for the way she is. For example, Tom and Myrtle would go to their town apartment to get away from their spouse to show their love for each other. Myrtle married George Wilson, because she thought that he would do everything for her. Myrtle decided it was time to move on with her life and Tom showed her love that George didn’t. Cheating on your spouse will bring more pain to the one being cheated on then the one cheating. Daisy and Myrtle are different in many ways but also the same in some ways. The compare and contrast could go on forever but these are the main details that stick out throughout â€Å"The Great Gatsby†.

Biography of Genghis Khan Essays - Genghis Khan, Western Xia

Biography of Genghis Khan The old world had many great leaders. Alexander the Great, Hannibal and even Julius Caesar met with struggle on their rise to power. Perhaps Genghis Khan was the most significant of all these rulers. To prove that Genghis Khan was the greatest ruler, we must go back to the very beginning of his existence. We must examine such issues as; Genghiss struggle for power/how his life as a child would affect his rule, his personal and military achievements and his conquests. Genghis Khan was originally born as Temujin in 1167. He showed early promise as a leader and a fighter. By 1206, an assembly of Mongolian chieftains proclaimed him Genghis Khan. Which meant Universal or invincible prince. This was a bold move for the assembly. They obviously saw some leadership qualities in Genghis that others didnt. When Genghis Khan was little, his chieftain father poisoned. With no leader left, the tribe abandoned Genghis and his mother. They were left alone for many years to care for themselves. Throughout these years, his family met many hardships such as shortage of food and shortage of money. Though unable to read, Genghis was a very wise man. His mother told him at a very early age the importance of trust and independence. "Remember, you have no companions but your shadow" Grolier Encyclopedia. (1995) CD ROM This quote was to mean to Genghis, dont put to much trust in anyone, trust no one but yourself and if you must go your own way then do so. In 1206, Genghis Khan proclaimed the ruler of Mongolia. Genghis was a very respected leader. Like other leaders he knew what his people wanted. They want everything that is good and nothing that is bad. Genghis knew he could not promise this so instead he pledged to share both the sweet and the bitter of life. Genghis did not want to end up being poisoned like his father so instead he made alliances, and attacked anyone who posed a serious threat. Through this method of leadership, Genghiss army grew to the point where they were unbeatable. Genghis contributed alot of items to the chinese and even western civilizations. Perhaps his greatest contribution was a code of laws that he declared. Since Genghis couldnt read or write, these law were documented by one of his followers. His laws were carried on by people though the many generations to the point of still being in use today. Either as a modification of Genghiss laws or as Genghis had declared them. Genghis Khan promoted the growth of trade between China and Europe. This allowed him to gain essential supplies such as food, weapons and other essential survival materials. Genghis also invented a system similar to the pony express. It was a system in which the horse and rider could silently communicate, a system that is still in use today. Perhaps the greatest gift ever given by Genghis Khan was the gift of language. Genghis was the first ruler to develop a Mongolian language. Genghis Khan was also a military and strategic genius. He structured his army in a unique and interesting fashion. He integrated soldiers from different tribes into one powerful fighting force. This was a brilliant idea. Not only could he have diversity and people who specialize in certain aspects of warfare, but it also inspired loyalty to the mongolian army as a whole rather than to a specific group of people. Genghis used harsh training and strict discipline to create a superior fighting force, he also insured that everyone of his soldiers was well equipped and could easily adopted new warfare tactics. His soldiers were always learning. Whether it be a new tactic Genghis had invented or a new weapon He decided the army would use, his soldiers were coneztly learning. Genghis inspired loyalty by a unique way of promotion. Genghis felt that the best way to gain a loyal following was to promote people on the basis of achievement and not within the family. This did not only inspire a great deal of loyalty but it also made his army better and actually raised the morale of his soldiers. Every soldier gave their life to

Public law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Public law - Essay Example According to Dicey, â€Å"The principle of Parliamentary Sovereignty means neither more nor less than this, namely that Parliament thus defined [i.e., as the ‘King in Parliament’] has, under the English constitution, the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and, further, that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament† (as cited in Eleftheriadis, 2009). Hence, one can say that parliament alone has the power to make laws. It also has the immunity in that none can change the laws made by it. In Jackson v Attorney-General [2005] UK HL 56, Lord Steyns approved an argument put forward in 1935. He said that the monarch and the two Houses (Lords and Commons) must consent to legislate. Parliament can spread legislative powers in various ways. This was redefining parliament for a specific purpose and could not be ignored (Carroll, 2013. P. 105). In Pickin v British Railways Board [1974 ] AC 765, it was noted that though parliament had not followed procedure, it could not be compelled to investigate the allegation. (ibid, p. 102). 1. The EU Referendum Bill and Parliamentary Sovereignty of UK â€Å"The constitutional referendum is often conceptualised as the ultimate institutional expression of popular sovereignty’’  (Daly, 2013). ... If no party receives an absolute majority, the future of the referendum could be in jeopardy. Only if the orders are passed through parliamentary assent can the referendum be conducted at the stipulated time. In the past, many amendments were proposed to EU Treaty bills. This resulted in the demand for referendum for such amendments. The Conservatives were of the opinion that the EU was intruding into various aspects of life. Hence, they supported a ‘referendum lock’ which would validate future EU association by the citizens (European Union Referendum Bill, 2013). The EU provided its members an ‘opt-out option’. However, this was cast in an all or nothing terms. This was to discourage UK and such members who took the matter lightly. The Treaty demands that opt-out decision should be taken at least six months prior to the end of the transition period allowed. The Tory Eurosceptics were in favour of no opting back. They were of the opinion that co-operation wi th other European countries could be possible through international arrangements on a case-by-case basis (Craig, 2013, p. 172). Sovereignty is closely related to state power. The state maintains sovereignty in that it has the power and authority to enact laws by which it can serve the national interest. Member states desired international co-operation in foreign & security policy, justice & home affairs. In such sensitive matters, they prefer inter-governmentalism, hence retaining control in their own hands. Nevertheless, EU needs to involve itself since crime and terrorism have a cross-border nature. Hence, state autonomy will have to be sacrificed in such matters as the price for resolving serious issues of global concern. The European Arrest Warrant (EAW) is a case in point. EAW

Factory collapse by tran tran Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Factory collapse by tran tran - Essay Example Prior to construction, the factory should have quality material in use. Some contractors may work too consume the minimum costs hence ends up using poor quality materials that pose extra risks to the factory. In addition to that, the machines the factory will also use act as a determining factor to the strength of the foundation. In such cases, some factories use machines that are at the dispensation of continuous vibration hence weakening the foundation of the building. All these can be on achievement when there is close monitoring and evaluation by a qualified architect and the rest of a multidisciplinary approach (Reynolds and McKeown, 660). Therefore, a societal strict policy should be in place to ensure that all the constructors utilize the quality steel and cement when constructing the factories avoids any future predicament. Such proactive approach is likely to ensure that there are no cases of factory

A short Proposal document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A short Proposal document - Essay Example By attending the conference, my colleagues and I will have ample time to interact with business leaders from all over the world and create a platform through which our company can increase its customer base through these links. We will use socialization aspect of the conference to sell our company to the present global business leaders. Also, the conference will focus on discussing issues that are pertinent to the industry, which I believe will be beneficial to everyday operation of KW-Connect. The presentations will offer me a chance to know industry-related issues and how to tackle emerging challenges. This would help me and my colleagues drive our company to the top of the market. Most importantly, the conference will have a hall filled up with stands for regional and global business leaders and it would be very crucial for KW-Connect to also have a company stand at the conference. By having a stand at a conference that host global business leaders, the image of KW-Connect will be sold not only to the regional market, but also the global market. Having a company stand will also give us the opportunity to sell to the audience the services that we offer to our customers. The required registration charge for attending the conference is $700 per person, which comes to $2,100 for the three of us. However, registering before September will reduce registration cost by $ 100 per person, which means we will pay $ 1,800. In addition, our flight will cost $440 per person to and fro, while accommodation and meals will cost $ 1,000 per person for the two days. We will also need $3,000 for miscellaneous expenses, including travel cost from the airport to the conference venue. The total cost of attendance for the three of us will be $9,420. This conference offers the best opportunity for me and my colleagues to establish better contacts with industry business leaders and gain critical knowledge in product development. Therefore, my

Movie Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Movie Analysis - Research Paper Example The second boss that is Dr. Julia Harris played by Jennifer Aniston lacks openness in the sense that she is often shown as resorting to a traditional top down approach towards leadership with her assistant Dale. Julia, like Dave is also an in-conscientious in the sense that she does not hesitate from blackmailing Dale to clinch sexual favors. The third boss that is Bobby is a cocaine addict and an immoral son of Kurt’s late boss Jack. Bobby turns out to be an incompetent leader who though being in charge simply has no idea as of what one is supposed to do. Bobby is shown to be pathetically, emotionally unstable. In his self inflicted delusionary approach towards reality, Bobby considers himself to be a gift to women, intellect, and humor and to the life in general. In reality he is a huge disappointment to his late father and vehemently envious of Jack’s relationship with Kurt. The movie is a moving depiction of as to how big five personality dimensions give way to personalities with varied behavior patterns. In that context, the article Attraction to Employment Advertisements: Advertisement Wording and Personality Characteristics by Stevens and Szmerekovsky does stress the tendency of the employees to gravitate to such jobs as are in consonance with their personality dimensions (2010). This study demonstrated that individuals with a conscientious personality were more attracted towards employment advertisements which stressed conscientiousness. Similarly, individuals with an open mindset were found to have a predilection for employment advertisements that laid stress on openness as an essential job requirement. In the context of the movie, the three employees, Nick, Dale and Kurt unluckily found themselves in a work environment that was starkly contrary to their set of personality dimensions, thereby pushing them to try to eliminate their bosses. One other article, Personality and

Case Study 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

4 - Case Study Example isorder – Observation of thin, tired-looking, fatigued, weight loss, poor appetite, muscle weakness, skin warm, dry, flat affect, provides little detail in answers, indecisive, has difficulty concentrating depressed mood or anhedonia (absence or pleasure) for at least 2 weeks. (Pg 53) sleep disturbance, weight loss, loss of appetite, loss of sexual interest (Pg 59-60), Patients with depression may display poor or lapsed hygiene. Pg 61 May cause a patient to be withdrawn (Pg 61), negative, slow, low-self-esteem Hypothesis 1: Major depressive disorder – genetics plays a vital role, results from abnormalities between brain hormones and neurotransmitters i.e. hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems. Depression might be caused by relational issues. Bereavement is among the most traumatizing, painful and gut wrenching experience a person will ever face. Grieving people often undergo various states during this period (regret, loneliness, withdrawal, intrusive images, depression, unhappiness, a feeling of being overwhelmed and depersonalization. These characteristics displayed by the patient made the diagnosis from settling on anemia, thyroiditis and insomnia. At first, the feelings of grief may seem to be forgotten. But, with time they evolve into bursts of depression which are brought about by the reminders of the dead/deceased (Astrid,

Design Specification for the Structural Health Monitoring System of Essay

Design Specification for the Structural Health Monitoring System of London Water Supply System - Essay Example The wireless sensor networks are responsible for collecting application data like hydraulic pressure transients, leak detection and monitoring of water quality parameters and levels in combined sewer outflows (CSO). Water supply and sewer networks are detected for leaks, water quality and contamination resulting from sewer overflows. 2. Introduction Most water distribution systems face the challenge of significant water loss through leakage that is translated to economic loss. Reduction in leakage through well strategized actions in water network management translates into economic benefits. Leakage of fresh water can cause severe damage while that of waste water lead to contamination of soil and environment. The clean up process may be very expensive. Catastrophic failures result to environment degradation, loss of human life and production of large masses of demolished waste. Building codes and design methods are used to produce structures safe for public utility. At times, structu res are exposed to harsh conditions through loads and the surrounding not planned for during the design process. These harsh conditions normally produce long-term structural deterioration. Structures, therefore, need continuous assessment through various techniques. The common techniques used are; Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). ... This technique is used to monitor fresh water mains and sewerage pipes. In the technique, the following are observed: a. Failure mechanisms b. Parameters to be measured c. Range, accuracy, resolution and sampling regime for preferred parameters and processes. 3. Case study- London Water Supply System The largest water project responsible for supply of water in London is the Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM). Five different treatment works supply drinking water to more than six million clients. Gravitational force forces the water to eleven pumping stations installed with shafts. The pumping stations are located at southern, central and north-western areas of the metropolis. Delivery is done directly to water supply zones or to service reservoirs. Objectives of water project were determined by many factors. The factors are; Satisfaction of average and peak demands for water in London to cushion leakage through control action plan effects Maintainan quality and acceptable service to client s in regard to pressure Control hazards related to water supply operations to the environment and social life. Maintain and improve water supply infrastructure in London Control cost at short and long term levels in relation to manpower and energy spent in pumping (Bensted, 1994 p.1-4). 4. Failure Mechanisms Damage refers to changes that occur to material or geometric properties of a structure and completely affects its performance. All engineering material used in construction of any system posses inherent initial flaws. Flaws generated from the environment and operational loading develop continuously and lead to component level failure. System level failure results with time due to continuous loading. The duration and time scales

Case Study 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

4 - Case Study Example isorder – Observation of thin, tired-looking, fatigued, weight loss, poor appetite, muscle weakness, skin warm, dry, flat affect, provides little detail in answers, indecisive, has difficulty concentrating depressed mood or anhedonia (absence or pleasure) for at least 2 weeks. (Pg 53) sleep disturbance, weight loss, loss of appetite, loss of sexual interest (Pg 59-60), Patients with depression may display poor or lapsed hygiene. Pg 61 May cause a patient to be withdrawn (Pg 61), negative, slow, low-self-esteem Hypothesis 1: Major depressive disorder – genetics plays a vital role, results from abnormalities between brain hormones and neurotransmitters i.e. hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems. Depression might be caused by relational issues. Bereavement is among the most traumatizing, painful and gut wrenching experience a person will ever face. Grieving people often undergo various states during this period (regret, loneliness, withdrawal, intrusive images, depression, unhappiness, a feeling of being overwhelmed and depersonalization. These characteristics displayed by the patient made the diagnosis from settling on anemia, thyroiditis and insomnia. At first, the feelings of grief may seem to be forgotten. But, with time they evolve into bursts of depression which are brought about by the reminders of the dead/deceased (Astrid,

Holocaust Denial Essay Example for Free

Holocaust Denial Essay The holocaust is the term used to describe the period of persecution and extermination of European Jews by Nazi Germany. During this period, an estimated six million Jews were murdered in a series of state-sponsored killings. This was a culmination of a Nazi policy which was â€Å"the final solution to the Jewish question† (Michman, 2003) Why did Nazis Hate Jews? The Nazis hatred for Jews had been in existence for a long time, but it is after the World War 1 that it intensified. Prior to that, there had been strong feelings of anti-Semitism in Europe, mainly from the Christians. This is because of the Jews reluctance to embrace Christianity and their stubborn adherence to Judaism. (Israel G. 1990) After the First World War in which German lost, Hitler sought to find a plausible explanation for their defeat. Since at the time most banks and financial institutions were run by Jews, the Nazis blamed then for not availing enough funds for the war. They were viewed as being tight-fisted, corrupt and vile people, who could do nothing but destroy. This aroused feelings of hatred for the population, and the Nazi regime went on churning propaganda that blamed all of Germany’s problems on the Jews. (William, 1995) From another angle, the Jews were generally viewed as being an inferior race to the Aryans. Hitler believed that Aryans were the master race and even made a table of sorts which classified the races according to superiority in genes, with Aryans at the top, and Jews, Gypsies and Blacks at the bottom . The Nazis therefore saw the need to eliminate them from Europe to avoid weakening the racial purity of the Aryans (William, 1995) Holocaust Denial Holocaust denial is a term used to refer to the movement which seeks to deny that the holocaust really happened, and if it did, whether it occurred in the manner and scale that historians claim it did. It is a movement especially active in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe. However, the first people who sought to deny that the holocaust ever happened were the Nazis themselves. They attempted to destroy all evidence and even denied the proof that was presented at the Nuremberg trial. The organized version of the movement called Holocaust Revisionism was founded in 1979, by Willis Carto, founder Liberty Lobby, an anti-Semitic organization in America, when he incorporated the Institute of Historical Review. He is quoted as saying History is far too important to be left to history professors, pundits and politicians. History is power The leading activists for the IHR include Mark Weber, Bradley Smith and Fred Leuchter in the United States, Ernst Zundel in Canada, David Irving in England, Robert Faurisson in France, Carlo Mattogno in Italy and Ahmed Rami in France. However, among these, Bradley Smith, the self-styled director for the Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust, CODOH, has been the most visible in the United States. He has placed series of ads in college newspapers since 1991 on behalf of CODOH. In one such ad, Bradley promises a $50,000 to anyone who can convince a radio station to air a ninety minute video to show that the holocaust was a hoax. The IHR also writes a journal called the Journal of Historical Review and holds annual conferences, which are used as vehicles for holocaust denial. http://www. adl. org/holocaust/introduction. asp The revisionists offer the following arguments to prove that the holocaust is a farce. First of all, they claim that there is no single document which has been identified, which expressly shows a master plan for the execution of Jews. This, according to them, is proof that the whole idea of Jewish annihilation is a creation by the Jews to gain sympathy from the world. ( http://www. remember. org/History. root. rev. html) Secondly, there were no gas chambers at Auschwitz and the other camps, so the allegations of people being gassed to death are mere lies. There are no documents about gas chambers of any kind anywhere so no mass murder of Jews in gas chambers took place. (http://www. jewishvirtuallibrary. org/jsource/Holocaust/denial. html) Another reason why they deny the holocaust is because they purport that the scholars rely on the subjective testimonies of alleged â€Å"survivors†. These testimonies are highly biased and because there is no supporting documentation proving the genocide, these accounts can only be taken to be false. (Raul, 1985) The revisionists also claim that there was no net loss in the Jewish population in Europe between 1941 and 1945; therefore the claim that 6million Jews were killed cannot be true. According to them, there were not even enough Jews in Europe to account for the 6million victims. ( http://www. remember. org/History. root. rev. html) Furthermore, according to the revisionists, the Nuremberg trials were stage managed in favor of the Jews. They were a sham and were just held so that Jews could benefit from the sympathy they aroused. To further strengthen their arguments, the holocaust deniers have posed a series of questions that put in doubt the truth about the events that took place during the holocaust. To start with, they ask; it is said that the gas chambers were ventilated, and if so, wouldn’t the gas have killed the people outside as well. Since this didn’t happen, then surely, there was no such thing as Zyklon-B used to gas people to death. The next question is, if as many as 6million people were killed and cremated, then where did all the ash go to. It should be so much going by the numbers, and going by what is available now, the numbers must grossly be exaggerated. ( http://www. remember. org/History. root. rev. html) Moreover, Zyklon-B, which was allegedly used had to be dropped into the chambers by people, so, the people would have died from the gas themselves, wouldn’t they? In addition, how come the eyewitnesses to the gassings survived, why didn’t the Nazis eliminate them since they knew so much. That is not all; there was a swimming pool at Auschwitz, this means that the people there lived in luxury, so this could nit have been an extermination camp. Also, the death lists from there do not show that any person was gassed, and the number of people who died there was very small. Finally, since much of the area around Auschwitz has a high water table, then the said burning of the bodies in ditches could not be possible. (http://www. remember. org/History. root. rev. html) Some of the revisionists also pose counter-statements against the evidence given by the survivors. In regard to the deaths in Treblinka, the victims were said to have been killed using diesel fumes; so the revisionists say that fumes from a diesel engine are not enough to kill a person. This implies that the people could not have died as a result of inhaling the fumes. The doors of the gas chambers which used the engine exhausts would not withstand the pressure of the gas accumulating inside, which would lead to an explosion; how come that did not happen? ( http://www. remember. org/History. root. rev. html) In one of the most controversial denials, the revisionists assert that the Anne Frank diary was a fabrication written by someone else who wanted to further the Jews agenda. Did the Holocaust really happen? For every claim made by the revisionists, evidence has been produced to prove that the genocide actually happened. The Nazi regime itself had documents that clearly pointed out to their intention to massacre the Jews. Although they destroyed much of the documents, some remnants were later recovered. (Lucy, 1975)The evidence available includes written documents in terms of letters, memos, blueprints, orders, bills, speeches, articles, memoirs and confessions. There are accounts given by eyewitnesses, who include survivors, Jewish Sonderkommandoes, SS guards, commandants, local townspeople and some of the Nazis. (Michael et. Al, 1997) Indisputable evidence can also be gleaned from photographs taken by the military, press, civilians and survivors. Some of the camps where the mass murders took place still exist, some in almost original state. Inferential evidence is also available in form of population demographics which confirms the change in Jewish population. Therefore, it can be concluded that the evidence of the holocaust is so compelling that we cannot deny that it took place. (Michael et. al, 1997) REFERENCES http://www. jewishvirtuallibrary. org/jsource/Holocaust/denial. html http://www. adl. org/holocaust/introduction. asp http://www. remember. org/History. root. rev. html Israel G. (1990), Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Volume 2, New York Lucy D. (1975) The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945, New York Michman, D (2003). Holocaust Historiography: A Jewish Perspective: Conceptualizations, Terminology, Approaches, and Fundamental Issues. London Michael S. and Alex G, (1997) Denying History Who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and Why do they Say it? † University of California Press Raul H. (1985) The Destruction of the European Jews (Student Edition), New York William L. P (1995) Novelist of Hate, ADL Research Report. Brugioni, D. A. , Robert G. P. (1979) The Holocaust Revisited: A Retrospective Analysis of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Extermination Complex. (Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D. C. )

Self Determination Theory And Career Aspirations Education Essay

Self Determination Theory And Career Aspirations Education Essay The purpose of this article is to explore the five components which relate self-determination theory to career aspirations. The first component is vocational education reform in Thailand, followed by how to undertake social cognitive career theory effectively, then self-determination theorys influence over career-decision making, and students career aspirations and career choices. Moreover life goals, intrinsic and extrinsic aspiration perspectives, which is the most significant focused issue to achieve students career aspirations for future research. Present research indicates that career decision-making self-efficacy is more strongly associated with career indecision than career decision-making autonomy. In order to verify carefully whether self-efficacy perceptions are strongly related to career indecision than autonomy. Self-determination theory will be discussed as a theory of work motivation to show its relevance to theories of organizational behavior. This paper concentrates o n the issues raised by Kasser and Ryan [13] as cited in Ryan and Deci [20] [4] which divided aspirations into two categories; intrinsic aspirations and extrinsic aspirations. It detailed the processes through which extrinsic motivation can become autonomous, and current research suggests that intrinsic motivation and autonomous extrinsic motivation are both related to performance, satisfaction, trust, and well-being in the workplace which also correlate to career aspirations. This is an important issue contributing to understanding vocational students career aspirations for the future. Key-Words: motivation, self-determination, Social cognitive career, career aspirations, aspiration index, life goals, vocational student 1 Introduction There are many different approaches to understanding human characteristics which are complex and extremely important [6]. After all, all people are individual. They may relate to experience in a study with different and unpredictable emotions and attitude [17], but there is evidence to illustrate how a few key basic theoretical principles help organize and increase our understanding of the motivational processes, determinants, and outcomes on a variety of life contexts [24]. In addition, motivation explains why people decide to do something, how hard they are going to pursue it and how long they are willing to sustain the activity. Motivation is the progression of instigating and sustaining goal-directed behavior [24]. This is cognitive explanation because it postulates that people set goals and employ cognitive process (e.g., planning and monitoring) and behavior (e.g., persistence and effort) to attain their goals. At the beginning of the twentieth century, it was believed by people such as Sigmund Freuds, that the concepts of motivation were basic human instinct and the drives to be unconscious motivation [6]. The middle of the twentieth century was dominated by conditioning theories related to behaviorist physiology, many of these research forming habits were based on experiments with animals rather than with humans. Moreover, the 1960s brought about further important changes. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, they are famous behaviorism of that time, humanistic psychologies who identify details motivation into people lives. In this famous Hierarchy of Needs by Maslows 1943 were conceptualized five basic classes of needs, which were able, defined as: Physiological needs, safely, love, esteem and self-actualization [6]. However, the focus in the character in motivational psychology at present is characterized by cognitive approaches. The aim is on the individuals conscious attribute, thoughts, beliefs and interpretation of events and how their influence their behavior. It should also be noted that current motivation researches shown many alternative sub-theories that dominate motivational approaches. From overall picture these include Brophy, Ecceles and Wigfield which show how the human expect achievement and value outcome (Expectancy-values Theory). Locke and Latham gave directions about human action is caused by a sense of purpose. Thus, goals have to be set and pursued by choices. Covigton focused on perceived self worth that people are genially motivated to behave in ways that put them in a better light (Self-worth Theory). Atkinson and Raynor were expressed knowledge about motivational achievement that is determined by positive achievement influence about the success and negative achievement incentive to avoid self failure (Achievement Motivation Theory) [6]. The aim of this paper is to review literature relationship of Self-determination and career aspirations by discover the five components ; first is vocational education reform in Thailand, Then , How effective Social Cognitive Career Theory, follow by why self-determination theorys influence over career-decision making , and students career aspirations and career choices. Moreover life goals: intrinsic and extrinsic aspiration perspectives, which it the most significant focused issue to achieve students career aspirations for the future research. 2 Vocational education reform in Thailand In developing a countrys competitiveness, development of the middle-level manpower is one of the main issues to be considered. Thailand realizes the importance of this matter and emphasizes the need to increase vocational and training contains National education Bill which is going to be in force in the very near future [2]. Vocational education was systematically initiated in Thailand in 1898 in which the increment of interests began to rises. The vision of the Vocational Education Commission is to produce and develop vocational manpower at all levels for the general public [27]. The current strength situation of vocational education in Thailand has more than 800 vocational education institutions (public/ private). The public have quantity to 404 establishments all over country including the urban and suburban cities [27]. There are currently over 1 million students enrolled in the various vocational study pathways. Eight fields of study are undertaken as majors: trade and industry, agriculture, home economics, fisheries, business and tourism, arts and crafts, textiles and commerce [27]. The weakness of current situation concern the lack of unity in terms of policy guidelines. The country does not have a master plan for human resource development. This is reflected by employer which state the graduates have weaknesses in both theory and practice. The issues of curriculum and the process of training must be addressed [2]. Vocational education need to produce new technology and also generate new jobs. It has been very difficult to improve vocational education in Thailand particularly due to economic crisis in 1997. The state policy has not been sustained due to the frequent changes of government. It is expected Thailand will have shortest of human resources in main industry area for the next 5-10 years. There was a necessitate administrative system should promote unity in policy guidelines and variety in management such as networking between educational institutions [2],[1]. Hoffmann and Scott cited in Bhumirat [2] recommended according to Atagi [1] on challenges educators to continue to seek better curriculum and career opportunity programs to overcome the institutional that may interfere with students aspirations. 3 How effective Social Cognitive Career Theory Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) is the integrative theory of academic and career-related interests, preference, performance, and satisfaction of students. SCCT were extends Albert Bandura universal Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to academic and career behavior. Bandra and Brewer beliefs on people are more likely to act based on their beliefs [11]. According to Schunk [22] statement that SCT is a difference perspective on motivation that relevant to learning. Following this line investigation has identified many cognitive processes encourage students, as like goals, social comparison, and self-efficacy. The contributions of SCCT were based on 25 years of research and applied experiences by Lent [14]. This can be view as conceptual professional improvement intervention. Lent, Brown, Hackett [15] provided frame of SCCT that was inclusive of academic interest, preference, and performance be able to examine how career and academic interests mature, how career choices are developed and how these choices are turned into action. The perspective on SCCT is accomplished reflection on three primary tenets: self efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals. Self-efficacy refers to the beliefs of people have about their ability to successfully complete the steps required for a given task [9]. These beliefs regularly changed base on interactions with other people, environment, and ones own behavior. Lent expressed the relationship between the individual self-efficacy improvement on or after personal performance, learning by example, social interactions and how they feel in situation. Outcome expectations are beliefs related to the consequences of performing a specific behavior. Extrinsic reinforcement, self-directed consequences and basic task understanding can be tied to outcome expectations. These expectations are often influenced by self-efficacy, especially when outcomes are based on the quality of a persons performance [15]. Finally, goal is the key role in SCT has that refers to success and outcome of actions. Goals give people tunnel vision to focus on demands of the tasks and to persist at the task orientate [23]. A goal is defined as the decision to begin a particular activity or future plan [9]. Lent, et al. [16] studied on race and gender may limit or expand exposure to various careers, or may persuade how a person inspection the possibility of achievement related to particular interest. Bias and role socialization are also relevant to this concern. They recommended future research on career and academic interest for science and engineering majors. 4 Self-determination theory influence Career-decision making The reflections on self-determination (SDT) from over the past 25 years were recommended to future research that is reasonably bright [24]. It noticeably presented the great heuristic power from the three basic theoretical principle give a hand to understand motivational progression, determinates and outcome in variety of life context. SDT is an approach to human motivation that highlights importance of three elementary; psychological needs autonomy, competence, and relatedness [20]. The interested functional support to this study in terms of supporting peoples psychological needs on three basic areas must be satisfied in order to experience a sense of well-being. White and de-Charms [20] proposed that the competence and autonomy needs are the basis for intrinsic motivations and performance. Notice, this is a relationship between peoples basic needs and their motivations. In term of autonomy originate that, autonomy offered people extrinsic rewards for behavior that is intrinsically motivated this may undermined the intrinsic motivation as they grow less interested in it. Initially intrinsically motivated behavior becomes controlled by external rewards, which undermines their autonomy [25], [5]. Further research by found other external factors like deadlines, which restrict and control, also decrease intrinsic motivation. Situations that give autonomy as opposed to taking it away also have a similar link to motivation. Studies looking at choice have found that increasing a participants options and choices increases their intrinsic motivation to said activities [24]. The competence commented it is giving people positive feedback on a task increases peoples intrinsic motivation to do it, meaning that this was because the positive feedback was fulfilling peoples need for competence [24, 5]. Negative feedback has the opposite effect decreasing intrinsic motivation by taking away from peoples need for competence. The competence implies that individuals seek to be effective in their communications with the environment. According to SDT, perceptions of competence will not enhance optimal functioning unless accompanied by a sense of autonomy. The need for autonomy implies that individuals strive to experience choice in the initiation, maintenance and regulation of human behavior. In particular, the terms perceived competence and perceived autonomy refer to the fulfillment of these psychological needs [11]. Future more, the need for relatedness supports intrinsic motivation in a less key way. In the study for career aspiration found that relatedness (i.e.,need to have positive and significant relationships) is weakly related to career indecision [11]. Gange and Deci [8] studied about cognitive evaluation theory, shown effects of extrinsic motivators on intrinsic motivation, received some initial attention in the organizational literature. Gange and Deci initiate that differentiating extrinsic motivation into types that differ in their degree of autonomy lead to SDT, which has received widespread attention in the education, health care, and sport domains. They were describing SDT as a theory of work motivation and illustrate its significance to theories of organizational behavior. 5 Students career aspirations and career choices Follow from our inquiry; what is your career aspiration? Is that relate to your career choices or discipline that you studying now? Brought us to studied prior research about career aspirations and career choices. Guay, et al. [11] found a negative relation between self-efficacy in career decision making and career indecision. More specifically, students who have strong self-efficacy expectations about their career choice process have. Autonomy and control orientations were positively related to self-exploration and beliefs in relation to the instrumentality of career decision-making exploration. The present results indicate that career decision-making self-efficacy is more strongly associated with career indecision than career decision-making autonomy. More research need to be in order to verify more rigorously whether self-efficacy perceptions are more strongly related to career indecision than autonomy. York [28] studied on gender differences in career decision making. Research had found that parents and peers behaviors strongly influence career decision making. The promotion of perceptions of self-efficacy and autonomy can reduce career indecision. And autonomy supportive ways may help students develop their autonomy and self-efficacy to support their career decision making. The less autonomy supportive and the more controlling the parents and peers, the less positive are students perceptions of self-efficacy and autonomy toward career decision-making activities. In turn, the less positive students perceptions are, the higher their levels of career indecision. Thus, they focused on gender differences that women perceived their parents and peers as more autonomy supportive and less controlling than did men. In addition, women perceived greater autonomy and self-efficacy but less career indecision than did men. Whiston as cited in Guay, et al. [11] studied shown that only womens career indecisiveness was negatively correlated to the quantity of control as well as organization within the family (i.e., this relation was no significant for men) and that both womens and mens career decision-making self-efficacy is positively related to the degree to which families encourage and support independence and participation in a variety of activities. According to research on gender differences has typically shown that women present higher levels of autonomy than do men. However, the research does not usually report gender differences on career decision-making self-efficacy and career indecision. Many of studied have linked career indecision to interpersonal and intrapersonal processes without paying attention to how interpersonal and intrapersonal factors are related to career indecision. 6 Life goals: intrinsic and extrinsic aspiration perspectives What are your life goals? This is the question refer to your own aspirations? When we talk about goals, we can talk about short term goal such as having good grade in this subject, but long term goals, future goals, life goals or aspirations are things drive as a powerful process in thinking their ideal future. According to Elliot and Dweck [7] studied shown that after people have their own aspirations they will motivate them self to turn this vision of the future into reality. As our focusing significant issue by Kasser, Ryan were divided aspirations into two categories; intrinsic aspirations and extrinsic aspirations. The researched propose an instrument to measure people life goals level, called the Aspiration Index [4],[5]. Aspiration Index refers to peoples life goals are intrinsic aspirations contain life goals like relationship generatively and personal development (viz. meaningful relationships, personal growth, and community contributions) versus extrinsic aspirations (viz. wealth, fame, and image). The Aspiration index participants rate allow importance to themselves of each aspiration, their beliefs about the likelihood of attaining each, and the degree to which they have already attained each [4]. Prior research by Deci and Ryan on this aspirations index has revealed found in a Long study in period of time shown that well-being was enhanced by attainment of intrinsic goals, whereas success at extrinsic goals provided little benefit. Initial evidence suggests that controlling, uninvolved parenting is associated with the development of strong relative extrinsic aspiration, whereas autonomy-supportive, involved parenting is associated with the development of stronger intrinsic aspirations. Ryan, Huta, Deci [21] pointed out on eudaimonic belief (human happiness) in well-being studies. The model of eudaimonia that is based in self-determination theory were expressed that eudaimonic is cored on what it means to live a good life, a life representing human individual excellence. On the other hand, at the between-person level, it was people who engaged in numerous eudaimonic movements or have eudaimonic goals (happiness life goals) who consistently had high life satisfaction and a high level of positive influence. 7 Conclusions Ryan, Sheldon, Kasser, and Deci [5] argued that the pursuit and attainment of some life goals may provide greater satisfaction of the basic psychological needs than the pursuit and attainment of others, and that those providing greater satisfaction would be associated with greater well-being. Kasser Ryan [5] recommended that, because of these expected links to basic need satisfaction, pursuit and attainment of intrinsic aspirations would be more strongly associated with well-being than would pursuit and attainment of extrinsic aspirations. Furthermore, self-determination theory has detailed the processes through which extrinsic motivation can turn out to be autonomous, and research suggests that intrinsic motivation (based in interest) and autonomous extrinsic motivation (based in importance) are both related to performance, satisfaction, trust, and well-being in the workplace which it related to career aspirations [8]. We notice that there are little research reported so far on the common motivational processes that connect family aspirations, cultural ideals, or personal goals in a distant future with classroom motivation and achievement in differences discipline are missing mostly unexplained. Studied outlined a research agenda that will be significant for supporting the use of SDT as a theory of work motivation and career aspirations.

Declining Population of Loggerhead Sea Turtle :: Biology

Declining Population of Loggerhead Sea Turtle The title of this paper is pretty self explanatory and the facts are simple. The solution is feasible but yet, not enough action is being taken to make a difference. You would think that we as humans being the dominate creatures of the earth, would be able to understand the simplicity of knowing the negative effects of our carelessness and the impact it has on the creatures around us†¦Creatures that are close to defenseless when put in comparison with mankind. I didn’t want there to be a great mystery surrounding what my presentation is about because there doesn’t have to be. Most people either don’t know or don’t care about the declining population of the loggerhead sea turtles. While I can not change the attitude of a person who is apathetic, I can help increase the knowledge of a person who is ignorant about this subject. Ignorance would be a very good word to describe my amount of knowledge in this area before I began this study on loggerhead sea turtles. The saddest part of this story is that we as humans are too involved with ourselves and concerned about our own wellbeing. We will not take the time to step back and wonder how the creatures of this world are â€Å"getting along†. If we could just forget about ourselves for one minute and try to help out the creatures that are continually struggling to survive the negative effects that our growing and careless population has placed on them. Even though loggerheads are the most common of all sea turtle species found on the United States coasts, recent studies have show that this amazing turtle population is in steep decline and will be in danger if we do not begin to find out why its population is declining and what we can do to reverse this effect. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature listed the loggerhead as threatened in 1978. This means that the loggerhead has been considered "vulnerable for becoming extinct" for thirty years because of the numbe r of turtles left. Recent studies of loggerhead population have found that the number of females that nest in the Southeastern United States is continuing to decline at an alarmingly rapid rate. The United States Federal Government has reported that the loggerhead turtle population decline is not just something to be concerned about in one area of the world but it is a world wide problem.