I Was Helping My Mother When Suddenly… Essay

I was helping my mother in the kitchen when suddenly an ear-piercing sound struck from above.I dashed to the upper floor to check out what was happened. ‘Oh god.What is this?’I wondered while pointing at a footprint. I knew something weird was happened.The footprint was familiar.I ignored it.Instead,to make my mother calm,I said that was nothing occurred as she is suffering from cardio-illness,a common disease suffered by the Malaysian. ‘What’s happening?’ my mother asked me.’Nothing,just the sound of lightning.We better close the windows.Maybe rain will pour down,’ I showed a relaxing expression as there was nothing happened,relax.. not at all.I thought back about the footprint.That footprint was so familiar,but I seem could not remember where I found that. ‘David,can you help me to take the cooking pot in the attic?’my mother requested.’Oh,please!I am afraid of the dark.’I said. My mother then mumbled and said that I was like my late father,an achluophobia man.Oh,you want to know what was happened to my father?Actually,he was an engineer,to be specific,engineer in oil derrick.Last month,he went to the oil platform in the middle of the sea at Jertih,Terengganu. He said he went there for only 4 days,but he still not went back after 2 weeks.My mother called the management office in Jertih.They said that he was gone while in his way to the seashore. ‘I missed your father,David’my mother said to me. Back to the main point.I investigated the footprint in my room.And I looked up,the window was opened.I walked towards it,scouted outside.There was nothing there.I closed the window and laid down onto my bed. ‘Ouch!What is this?’I asked myself. There was a small box on my bed.I wondered what was inside it.I opened the brown box.There was a necklace,made up of pure gold.Why there was a gold necklace in my room? Suddenly,my room became dark. ‘No!Not this time!Argghh!’I expressed my dissatisfaction. I ran to my mother’s room.My terrible fear towards the darkness was to the limit,especially when it happened all of a sudden.I hid under my mother’s blanket. ‘David!Why are you being like this?There’s nothing to be afraid of,’My mother quipped me. Suddenly,my house bell rang.My mother asked me to open the door to check out who is coming.To be a good son,I braved myself to open the door.I paced to the door and opened it.The creaking sound of the door enhanced my fear up.I was already trepidated.I looked up and I could see an apparition of a tall creature.It was so dark that I could not see it clearly. ‘Damn!What is this?’I whispered. I grabbed a torchlight to see what was the object in front of my house door.I Found out that was the man I knew, Mr.David Chelshire.He was my father! I was flabbergasted. ‘Is this a dream?’I asked myself. I was confused.My father was believed to be gone on his way to the seashore from the oil platform last month. ‘This is me,David!This is me!’He said. I shouted and called my mum down.She was shocked and nearly fainted when she saw my father. ‘Actually,I planned this thing with the workers in the management office.I knew that your mother would call them.And my plan to be back in our Anniversary Day Became true.’He added. He asked me to take the gold necklace he left in my room.I took the necklace and gave to him.Then,he gave to my mum. ‘Happy Anniversary Day,my dear!’my father said to my mother. My mother cried. Now,all mysteries solved.That was the reality.About the footprint,it was the footprint of a pair of shoes I bought for my father for his birthday.And believe me,it was the sweetest Anniversary Day for them,perhaps.

Mscquiz1

Chapter one – A The U. S, and indeed much of the world, has been described as a â€Å"knowledge society. † How does this affect productivity measurement and comparison of productivity between the U. S. and other countries? Illustrate with an example. Productivity is the ratio of out puts (goods and services) divided by inputs (resources and capital). The creation of goods and services requires changing resources into goods and services; the more efficiently we make this change, the more productive we are, and the more value is added to the good or services provided.By applying the ten decisions of operation management (om) help us to be efficient: developing and using the correct strategy helps us to be effective. The measurement of productivity is an important way to evaluate a country’s ability to provide a high stander of living for its people. Only through the increase of productivity, improve the stander living, and labor, capital and management receive high salary. When productivity increase using the same resources, the prices will go down, and if labor and capital increase without increase in productivity raises the prices. The U.S has been able to increase productivity at an average rate of almost 2. 55 per year which has double the U. S. ‘s wealth every 30 years. Three factors are important in improving the productivity; such as, labor, capital, and management. In order to improve the labor productivity, the labor force should be better utilized with a stronger commitment; training, motivation, team building and human resource strategies, and improved education are some of the techniques which contribute to increase productivity. The effective sue of capital increase the productivity, and management accounts for over half of the annual increase productivity.The postindustrial societies are known as knowledge societies, and using knowledge and technology are essential in postindustrial societies. In these societies much of th e labor force has migrated form manual work to technical and information processing tasks require on going education. Compare to other industrialized countries, the U. S. remains the world leader in overall productivity and services productivity; despite having the same problems with service productivity as other countries. The productivity challenge is difficult.A country cannot be world class competitor with second class inputs such as poorly educated labor insufficient capital, and dated technology. High productivity and high quality out puts require high quality inputs, including good operation managers. Since education is foundation to efficient operation in a technological society, countries are focusing on highly skilled workforce which is essential for global competitiveness. Example: From the text Siemens, the multi-billion-dollar German conglomerate, has long been known for its apprentice programs in its home country.Due to education is often the key to efficient operation s in a technological society, Siemens has spread its apprentice-training programs to its U. S. plants. These programs are laying the foundation for the highly skilled workforce that is essential for global competitiveness. Chapter One – B David Upton is president of Upton Manufacturing, a producer of G0-kart tires. Upton makes 1,000 tires per day with the following resources: Labor:400 hours at $12. 50 per hour Raw Material:20,000 pounds per day at $1 per pound Energy:$5,000 per day Capital:$10,000 per day . What is the labor productivity for these tires at Upton manufacturing? Productivity = units of output hours of labor Productivity = 1,000 400 = 2. 5 units per labor hours b. What is the multi-factor productivity for these tires at Upton manufacturing? 400 * 12. 50 = $5,000 a day Productivity = _______ _Output__________________ _______ Labor+ material +Energy+ Capital+ Miscellaneous = _____________ 1,000___________________ $5,000 + $20,000 + $5,000 + $10,000 + 0 = 1,000 un its $40,000 = 0. 25 unit per $ c. What is the percent change in multi-factor productivity if Upton can reduce the energy bill by $1,000 without cutting production or changing any other inputs? Productivity = _______ _Output__________________ _______ Labor+ material +Energy+ Capital+ Miscellaneous = _____________ 1,000___________________ $5,000 + $20,000 + $4,000 + $10,000 + 0 = 1,000 units $39,000 = 0. 02564 units per $ Percentage Change in multi-factor productivity = 0. 02564 0. 025 = 1. 0256 or 2. % Chapter Two –A In order to sustain a competitive advantage, restaurants must employ one the following three strategies: 1. ) Cost leadership; 2. ) Response; and 3. ) differentiation. Give one original example (one not mentioned in the text) of each of three restaurant chains that you could associate with each one of these strategies. (Use a fast food restaurant for only one of your three examples. Strategy is an organization’s action plan to achieve the mission: the strat egy exploits opportunities and strengths neutralize threads and avoid weaknesses.The firms achieve missions in three conceptual ways: differentiation, cost leadership, and response which mean that operations managers are abele to deliver goods and services that are better, or at least different, cheaper and more responsive. The three strategic concepts can generate a system that has a unique advantage over competitors, and provides an opportunity for operations managers to achieve competitive advantage. Differentiation is concerned with providing uniqueness: a firm’s opportunities for creating uniqueness are not located with a particular function or activity, but can arise in virtually everything that firm does.The opportunities creating this uniqueness are limited only by imagination due to most products include some service, and most services include some products. So, effective operations mangers assist in defining everything about product or services that will influence t he potential value to the customers. Example: In Differentiation, the best example that will fit the description would be Illusitions (Thai Cuisine) where you sit around a big pan in the middle and they cook the food in front of you which takes about 10-15 minutes. The difference is the uniqueness of the style of cooking.I have heard that in Thailand, the food is eaten when it’s very hot. So by having a big pan in the middle, kind of brings the essence of Thai food. They also provide the samples of different foods for you to try. Cost leadership entails achieving maximum value as defined by the customers. It requires examining each of the ten operations management decision in a relentless effort to drive down costs while meeting customer expectations of value: a low cost strategy does not imply low value or low quality. Example: The best example which can fit in the description of Cost leadership is McDonald.They provide fast food in low prices which are unbeatable and provid e an exceptional quality. They have grown tremendously in few years in national and international perspective. They are the one of the largest fast food chains in US and other countries. Response is define as including the entire range of values related to timely product development and delivery, as well as reliable scheduling and flexible performance. Flexible response is ability to match change in a marketplace where design innovations and volumes fluctuate substantially.The reliability of scheduling is another aspect of response: it manifests it self in reliable scheduling and it has value to end customers. Quickness is an other aspect of response; the operation mangers who develop system that respond quickly can have a competitive advantage. The operation management can increase productivity and generate a sustainable competitive advantage. Example: The restaurant that I think is suitable for this criterion is Olive garden. They serve with love and tradition. It has a different environment then any other restaurants.It gives a very cozy feeling. The people eat there are mostly families. Chapter Two – B In your own words (i. e. , not using sentences or phrases taken form the text or other resources), explain the difference between an international strategy and a transnational strategy. Identify on company (not mentioned in the text) that employs an international strategy and one that employs a transnational strategy. The difference between the international strategy and transnational strategy is that international strategy is on international level.The company takes its products to a different country and launches it in that country. They introduce their product in a different country where the competition is low and also the costs are low. Some companies have their raw products come from a different country where they pay less for their purchases. Some companies such as Whirlpool started out in a US state Michigan which now has more than 50 plants i n different countries that make washing machines, refrigerators, and stoves. The biggest reason is the cost and cheap labor.On the other hand, transitional strategy is when a US company takes its products to a different state where their competitors are few and also the product margin is high and costs are low. In the field of Transitional strategy, one of the most common examples is Wal-Mart. They are dominating the market because they have low prices and acceptable quality. They have different plants in different states in US. They compete with their competitors in every way which is cost, quality, and expediency. They buy goods from different states in US and other countries.

August, Osage County Essay

The theater darkens, crowd’s light chatter subsides, and stage lights focus our attention on a magnificent structure. It’s a traditional farmhouse, with all your typical nooks and crannies, so big it juts out into the audience as if forcing us into this structure. The farmhouse is big. Three floors of potential activity kind of big. After over 3 hours of incredibly well acted scenes and biting dialogue I found myself contemplating: is the star of this show actually the set itself? August, Osage County is a compelling drama about a family in crisis. They’re dealing with problems from the past and issues from the present. The family has a complex history of intertwining story lines where everyone seems to be unravelling, all in this farmhouse. At the beginning of the story, the characters are reunited for the first time in years due to the death of the family patriarch, Beverly Weston. From the moment everyone is together in the same house (and on the same stage) you get a feel for how divided and disconnected this family actually is. This division is expertly paralleled in the different rooms of the house. Each room seemed to represent a different character or couple of characters. For example, the office den the story’s first scene opens in is representative of the character Beverly Weston: cluttered, old, and now dead. When any of the characters were in that room they seemed to reminisce about good times and old memories, much like Beverly did, who was tormented by a certain significant memory, which becomes the main plot revelation in the third act. The energy of the set could be measured by the house aesthetics. When the lights were on and up, the characters were lively and the dialogue was colorful. Once the lights would dim and characters would scurry off to their sleeping quarters they were confined to their own emotions, setting the mood for their surroundings, or was it the surroundings setting the mood for them? The way the set was â€Å"dressed† also revealed quite a bit about the family. The farmhouse was clustered with rich, atmospheric trinkets and furniture that subconsciously gave us (the audience) more depth into the lives of these people. The storage closet on the top floor, packed to the maximum with items never explored or mentioned in the story, is symbolic of the old, dusty secrets the family is hiding from one another. I found myself  thinking about that storage closet after the play was over. It wasn’t necessary to have for the purpose of acting out the play, but was most definitely included to add a visual aid in telling the story and providing some subtle metaphor. This family was full of secrets, packed to the brim and unexplored. Issues locked tightly behind closed doors. Johnna, the only character outside the family to live in the house, has her personal space where she sleeps up in the attic on the third floor, right next to that previously mentioned storage closet†¦ the one full of secrets. A heavy metaphor for her window into the lives of this family presented itself to me as I thought more about the proximity of her space to that closet. Here she was, a complete outsider with no personal history with this family, yet throughout the story various members of the Weston house would confide in her, even more than they did their own kin. Johnna is front and center in the pivotal final scene. The tormented mother Violet Weston, now all alone in her house after all the family secrets had been revealed and left out in the open to ferment, searches her home for anyone to talk to. Between floors in the farmhouse, which in itself speaks of where the characters might be in life, Johnna recites the haunting words from a T.S. Elliot poem: â€Å"This is the way the world ends, this is the way the world ends†. Lights out. The exit lights turn from dim to bright, the audience begins to clap as the cast makes their way to the front of the stage to take their bow, and I take one more look at all the colorful, twisted, complex characters, including the enormously complex and layered—literally—character of the farmhouse, who could unfortunately not bow.

Down's Syndrome Children Require Unique Intervention Strategies For Essay

Down's Syndrome Children Require Unique Intervention Strategies For Them To Progress In Education And Socially - Essay Example The disorder manifest themselves in both neuro-developmental and neuro-psychological arenas but the simplest observation remains that it causes developmental delays which can range from mild to moderate learning disability to severe mental disability. (Deliz, 2008) Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder which occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 births. Chromosome 21's presence in the affected, which contains 225 genes which contribute to the phenotype and pathogenesis of Down syndrome is referred to as the main cause of this distinct neurobiological, genetic, psychological, developmental and medical disorder. (Hattori, 2000) It is recognized that a very high proportion of brain anatomy and verbal intelligence is governed by genetic control. These findings greatly influence the study of Down Syndrome patients, their genes and their resulting speech, memory, language and other cognitive functions. (Capone, 2004). Research has also shown that children. affected by Down syndrome have decl ining Developmental and Intellectual quotients and thus have deficits in verbal and linguistic skills. Patients may also possess weak sequential auditory memory skills but they remain more adept at visual-spatial based memory tasks (Varnhagen, 1987) . Researchers have concluded that early intervention programmes benefit the socially adaptive function but do little to improve the cognitive function or IQ. (Gibson, 1988). There is no uniform cognitive benefit of early intervention if specific learning and intervention strategies are not used. There are multiple reasons provided for these findings. They include complex neuro-behavourial syndromes which often means that the intervention method chosen for learning is not working at its prime and increasing the frequency or the intensity of the same method will not provide results. Rather there is a need for different intervention strategies specific to their needs. (Gibson D. , 1991) This means that early intervention of the right kind a t the right time is required for a positive cognitive difference. A common example of this phenomenon can be observed when a child does not achieve spoken language skills and phonological competence despite attaining cognitive skills and other language comprehension skills which support complex skills. (Kumin, 2000)These are a sign the verbal intervention means have failed and calls for intervention strategies based on vision-based communication. This vision based communication uses signs and pictures to lead to symbol-based language development. It should however be remembered that increasing the intensity of phonology based therapies is also frequently met with poor results. Another visible delayed or aberrant function in Down syndrome is the pervasive developmental disorder. Children might suffer from developmental regression or social, communication or behavourial impairment. These children then require prompt referrals for medical and neuro-developmental assessment leading to t he establishment of a vision based system of communication. The normal assumption regarding early intervention plans for Down syndrome children is that they are extremely beneficial. In fact most of these early intervention programs are mandated by the state and are provided free of cost. This directly results in a Down syndrome child receiving physical therapy and early education in the first year of his life. (Capone, 2004) Occupational and speech therapy often follow the course in the second year of life. Parents and therapists often assume that the purpose of this early intervention is to speed the pace of development and the role of this early in

Article analysis summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article analysis summary - Essay Example How can health services be efficiently financed in the USA? What are the best practices in health services management in the USA? The research study will apply quantitative techniques. Data is collected through questionnaires, interviews, and secondary sources like health journals. Data recording was done in tables, and voice recorders. Data analysis was conducted through statistical measures, charts and graphs. Presentation of findings was done through presentations and reports. The sampling was conducted through random sampling method. 30 states were selected, and 10 health facilities were selected in each of the states, at random. Representatives of both private and public sector were included; each state had 5 private health facilities and 5 public health facilities. Therefore, the sample size is 300 health facilities spread across the USA. Data analysis leads to several results. 65% of the healthcare financing is got from programs like Medicare, Veterans Health Association, Medicaid and TRICARE. Health insurance by public employees is catered for by the government. Other segments of population have private health insurance providers, and some are uninsured. The main strength of this article is that it analyzes health care provision in both the private sector and the public sector. This ensures easy comparison of health care effectiveness in both sectors. The main weakness of this research article is that the sample size is small. 300 health facilities represent a very small proportion of the population; total number of hospitals in the USA. Healthcare facilities in the USA are mostly owned and managed by the private sector. 62% of the health centers are non-profit. 20% of the centres are owned by the government, public. 18% of the health centers are for profit (Mahar,

World History and Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World History and Cultures - Essay Example Writing is one of the most important inventions mankind has devised throughout history as without it, history isn’t possible. Oral traditions have long been lauded as having certain significance in carrying forward the ideologies of a given group of people, but, as can be simply proven among even small groups, oral history is not intended to be nor can it be entirely accurate. The story changes with the teller and the facts become blurred with myth. In addition, it can only be preserved for as long as there are people around interested in learning the stories and lore enough to be able to pass it down to the next generation, and a next generation interested in sitting around to hear it. The concept of the written word offers a similar mixture of truth and lies, but offers a means of preserving the history and traditions of a people. The earliest writing, the Sumarian cuneiform, is believed to have developed as a necessary means of keeping business accounts. â€Å"Some time in the late fourth millennium BC, the complexity of trade and administration in the early cities of Mesopotamia reached a point at which it outstripped the power of memory of the governing elite. To record transactions in a dependable, permanent form became essential† (Robinson, 1995, p. 11). However, many scholars do not consider these early forms of pictographs true writing. â€Å"Writing only started when an organized system of signs or symbols was created that could be used to clearly record and fix all that the writer was thinking, feeling, and capable of expressing† (Ouaknin,1999, p. 18). This definition seems too broad, though, as many poets and writers will attest that there simply aren’t available words to express all that they are ‘thinking, feeling and capable of expressing’. This form of pictorial record-keeping did seem to have a relatively standard format among merchants and was capable of conveying at least some of the ideas of the writers. It can also be

Differentiated Instruction in Elementary Math Research Paper

Differentiated Instruction in Elementary Math - Research Paper Example This leaves the teacher with a need to fulfill their educational requirements while tackling a disability or learning capability issue within the classroom. It is here that I will cover what research has proven to be effective, some examples that I have ascertained and how I can implement them in my own classroom setting. There are multiple researches that have been done in regard to differentiated instruction, but I will only be focusing on the examples of what has been shown to be effective and what appeals to me within this research. Keywords Differentiated instruction, interdisciplinary teaching, integrated learning, thematic learning, Universal Design for Learning, Multiple Intelligence Theory, IQ test. Differentiated Instruction Currently, there are more than 4 million students that lack grade-level proficiency in reading and mathematics. One reason for this is their need for individualized instruction, supplementation and modifications to ensure proper cognitive access within the general education curriculum. This need is rarely met, as teachers do not have the training that they need to ensure these lower functioning students are able to benefit from the instruction provided. Part of this issue is that students are coming from increasingly diverse backgrounds, in which the expectations of their parents and the normalcy within the community are at odds with the current schooling methods (Lapkoff &Li, 2007). These current schooling methods are ineffective to a large number of students, because of their diversity, ethnically, culturally and cognitively. These are the students that fall through the cracks, due to the standard approach to education. This, in turn, causes higher rates of drop outs, poorer performance on standardized testing and lower graduation rates. (Lipsky, 2005). The solution is differentiated instruction. According to Tomlinson (2004) differentiated instrcution is â€Å"ensuring what a student learns, how he/she learns it, and how the s tudent demonstrates what he/she has learned is a match for that student’s readiness level, interests and preferred mode of learning.† Literature Review This is particularly important in regards to students with cognitive disabilities. An educator that provides their students with a reduced emphasis on whole-class instruction and an increase in the use of peer-assisted learning, has been shown to heighten students learning abilities, whether considered gifted or not. There have been many studies that also verify the fact that differentiated instruction works much more efficiently than other forms of instruction, but show the reasons why this is not implemented in many schools. They are simply the demands of the teachers themselves to follow a set curriculum and learning sets within a given period of time, leaving many students behind. This has given birth to a creative solution called REACH (Rock, et al., 2008). This type of interdisciplinary teaching is used to highligh t the steps necessary for implementation of differentiated instruction. The acronym stands for: Reflect on will and skill; Evaluate the curriculum; Analyze the learners; Craft research-based lessons; and Hone in on the data. It is imperative that the educator take these steps to seriously

Novel project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Novel project - Essay Example This book very aptly describes different types of client with different requirements in a humorous way and uses the various Indian doctrines and the some prominent religion of the contemporary India to influence and shape up the characters of the book in order to wangle The Marriage Bureau for Rich People. Throughout the book, Zama has displayed generous details of both Hindus and Muslims rituals and their ideologies, which, more or less, falls on the same platform. After having the pleasure of reading the novel, it was easy to identify the doctrines and beliefs that are held by the people of India in a comic and chuckle some way. One set of dogma that is depicted in the story is the one based on religion and traditions such as morale teaching, upholding religion, family institution, community, respect for elders and patience. Whereas, the second creed that is been portrayed by Zama is based on politics and economic statuses. For, rich have different ‘needs’ than a poor. Furthermore, this book expertly includes and excludes complication that arises as a result of these ideologies. How do we know of these ideologies in the book? Well, Zama has deftly portrayed these doctrines in his book with the help of character’s thoughts and words. For instance, Mr. Ali clients sometime consist of wealthy people who have come to find a ‘specific’ type of girl for their eligible, highly educated and smart son. Most of the rich lot came with the hope to find a beautiful and equally or more so wealthy daughter in law, since for them marriage means transfer of money through dowry. For them the bride is the barter and their demand for dowry usually comprises of large amount of wealth, wedding cost to be bore by the bride’s parent and sometimes brand new and shiny car, maybe an Accord?. However, these snobs demand for a bride to be submissive and surprisingly, of poor or middle class, well not so surprisingly since, their aim is to take the girl/maid and make

Petroleum Pricing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Petroleum Pricing - Essay Example Below we will analyze this phenomenon in light of both price elasticity of demand and also the cross price elasticity of demand. Price elasticity of demand is the measure of percentage change in prices on the percentage change in quantity demanded of a certain product. 1 Price Elasticity of demand is a negative ratio as there is a negative relation between price and quantity demanded. In simple terms, common sense suggests that if price of certain product increases then people will tend to buy less of that product. One of the determinants of the price elasticity of demand is the number and the closeness of substitute products; analyzing the substitutes available for petrol, we have compressed natural gas, bio fuels which include hydrogen gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)2 etc. All these can be used for transportation. But the problem that so arises is that these fuels need to be compatible with the cars that run on the road and the particular country's government and other regulations should also be supporting the alternative forms of transport. ... ted with converting to the alternative forms of fuel efficient energy; presence of substitutes is there and they may be close but the usage process involves fixed cost that is quite difficult to bear. Another determinant of price elasticity of demand is the proportion of income that is spent on the good; a major proportion of income is generally spent on the transportation be it refilling of the own car or the use of the money to use any public modes of transport. Hence we see that there are many demonstrations and revolts when the prices of oil increase. Generally, what happens is that as the prices increase and if the proportion of income spent on the good is more then we are forced to cut on the consumption, but as far as usage of fuel is concerned it is a basic necessity and no on can easily cut back on consumption; but still, this determinant also has its affect on the demand. Lastly, we have time period as the determinant of the price elasticity; the longer the time period after the price change, greater is the impact of the price change on demand. In case of petrol price increases, this is very much a dominant factor as people get more time to switch, manufacturers of car and change in people's psyche takes more time to accept the trend the more they are likely to shift towards alternative fuels. TO conclude, we can say that price elasticity of demand of petrol is relatively low in the short run but quite high as we talk about the long run.3 Cross price elasticity of demand and effect of increasing oil prices Cross price elasticity of demand measures the response of quantity of one good demanded to a change in the price of another good.4 Cross price elasticity unlike price elasticity is either negative or positive. If it is positive, it indicates that

It is not good to make friends relying on the social networking Annotated Bibliography

It is not good to make friends relying on the social networking - Annotated Bibliography Example Their irresistible need to chat and connect with their friends and peers makes use of this site all-consuming. To other students using facebook, there is often a false sense of privacy whereby students post embarrassing, denigrating, hurtful and humiliating content in text, videos and photos. The journal indicates that nothing is private online, especially in the social networks. Students have been expelled from schools; others have been sued and denied admission to intern programs all because of the content they post in their â€Å"private† facebook accounts. It is therefore, not advisable to make friends relying on the social networks because of the widely recognized negative effects it has, example, hacking of accounts, stalking people, being involved with several unknown people as well as getting deprived of the real life. Maria Kalpidou is the head of psychology department of the Assumption College. This article is a copyright of Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking is the property of Mary Ann Liebert. According to Kalpidou et al., online social networking sites have achieved popularity among students of the college. Creation of facebook has revolutionized social behaviors and networking practices among the college students. In literature, the average amount of time spent on facebook ranges from one hour to two hours daily. Since it appears to be the preferred approach to networking among students of the college, little research has been done on its relationship with psychological well-being. Kalpidou et al. investigated the relationship between facebook and social adjustment, as well as a negative relationship between facebook, emotional adjustment and self-esteem among the first year and upper class students. After the examination, first year students were found to spend more time on facebook and had strong emotional connection as they reported fewer friends than the upper class students did. It was evident that the number of

Responsibilities of a paediatric first aider Essay Example for Free

Responsibilities of a paediatric first aider Essay Maintain your own safety Contact the emergency services Give accurate and useful information to the emergency services Support the casualty physically and emotionally Appreciate your own limitations Know when to intervene and when to wait for more specialist help to arrive. PEFAP 001 1.2: Describe how to minimise the risk of infection to self and others Wash your hands with soap and water before and immediately after giving first aid. If gloves are available for use in first aid situations, you should also wash your hands thoroughly before putting the gloves on and after disposing of them. (Plastic bags can be used when gloves are unavailable.) Avoid contact with body fluids when possible. Do not touch objects that may be soiled with blood or other body fluids. Be careful not to prick yourself with broken glass or any sharp objects found on or near the injured person. Prevent injuries when using, handling, cleaning or disposing of sharp instruments or devices. Cover cuts or other skin-breaks with dry and clean dressings. Chronic skin conditions may cause open sores on hands. People with these conditions should avoid direct contact with any injured person who is bleeding or has open wounds. PEFAP 001 1.3: Describe suitable first aid equipment, including personal protection and how it is used appropriately. (Print off your PPE report) All first aid boxes should have a white cross on a green background. Guidelines published by the National Association of Child Minders, NCMA, as well as Ofsted and experienced paediatric first aid trainers, recommend that the first aid box in a child care setting should contain the items listed include: 1 first aid guidance leaflet 1 large sterile wound dressing 1 pair disposable gloves 10 individually wrapped wipes 2 sterile eye pads 1 pair of scissors 1 packet hypoallergenic plasters – in assorted sizes 3 medium sterile wound dressings 2 triangular bandages 5 finger bob bandages (no applicator needed) 4 safety pins It is recommended that you do not keep tablets and medicines in the first aid box. PEFAP 001 1.4: Describe what information needs to be included in an accident report/incident record and how to record it. Details of all reportable incidents, injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences must be recorded, including: The date when the report is made The method of reporting The date, time and place of the event Personal details of those involved A brief description of the nature of the event or disease. Records can be kept in any form but must conform to data protection requirements . PEFAP 001 1.5: Define an infant and or a child for the purpose of first aid treatment. Paediatric first aid focuses on infants and children. An infant is defined as being from birth to the age of one year and a child is defined as one year of age to the onset of puberty. Children are however different sizes and a small child over the age of one may be treated as an infant. Similarly puberty can be difficult to recognise, so treat the child according to the age that you think they are, larger children should be treated with adult techniques. PEFAP 001 3.2: Describe how to continually assess and monitor an infant and a child whilst in your care. Remember your ABC and continue to monitor the infant or child in your care until you can hand over to a doctor or paramedic. A is for AIRWAY : check that the airway remains open. Always monitor a child while in recovery position. B is for BREATHING: Check that breathing is normal and regular. C is for CIRCULATION: check the pulse (if you are trained and experienced) but ensure you take no more than ten seconds to do this: (a) In a child over one  year : feel for the carotid pulse in the neck by placing your fingers in the groove between the Adam’s apple and the large muscle running from the side of the neck . (b) In an infant: feel for the brachial pulse on the inner aspect of the upper arm by lightly pressing your fingers towards the bone on the inside of the upper arm and hole them there for five seconds. PEFAP 001 4.1: Identify when to administer CPR to an unresponsive infant and a child who is not breathing normally. CPR should only be carried out when an infant or child is unresponsive and not breathing normally. If the infant or child has any signs of normal breathing, or coughing, or movement, do not begin to do chest compressions. Doing so may cause the heart to stop beating. PEFAP 001 4.3: Describe how to deal with an infant and a child who is experiencing a seizure. Witnessing a child having an epileptic seizure is a very unpleasant experience, particularly the first one. However, some young children experience what is termed a Febrile Seizure which is brought on when the child has a high temperature or infection. Recognition Stiffening of child’s body Twitching of arms and legs Loss of consciousness May wet or soil themselves May vomit or foam at the mouth Usually lasts for less than five minutes May be sleepy for up to an hour afterwards Treatment Protect them with cushioning or padding- do not hold them down. Cool them down by removing some clothing. When the seizures stop, place the child in the recovery position and monitor signs of life. If they become unresponsive or the seizure lasts for more than 5 minutes then you must call 999/112 for an ambulance. PEFAP 001 5.1: Differentiate between a mild and a severe airway obstruction. A mild airway is usually a partial obstruction, it means the entire airway is not closed off, so air is able to pass by the obstruction,  and the victim can respond and cough forcefully , or may wheeze between coughs. In a serer airway obstruction, the airway is completely blocked off and the victim cannot breathe because air cannot pass by the object. PEFAP 001 5.3: Describe the procedure to be followed after administering the treatment for choking. The child may experience difficulties after having treatment for choking-for example, a persistent cough or difficulties with swallowing or breathing. It is important to monitor and assess the child’s condition and to seek medical help if the problem persists. PEFAP 001 6.1: Describe common types of wounds. A cut (incision): This can be caused from a sharp edge, such as a tin can ,that can lead to a lot of bleeding. A torn wound (laceration): is a jagged wound that can be caused by a broken toy, a fall or collision. Graze or abrasion: cause by friction or scraping, generally happens when children fall. Bruises or contusion: is bleeding underneath the skin. The blood collects and results in a black/blue mark. Children often have bruises on their skin, chin and head from knocking themselves or falling. Soft tissue bruises should be investigated if you have a concern about them. Puncture wound: cause by the body being pierced by an object, for example , a child falling whilst carrying a pair of scissors. Velocity wound: cause by an item travelling at high speed such as a bullet from a gun. PEFAP 001 6.4: Describe how to administer first aid for minor injuries. With minor bleeding from cuts and abrasions the emphasis is on keeping the wound clean and to control any blood loss. Wear disposable gloves. Examine the injury for any embedded foreign objects. Clean the wound under fresh running water. Sit the casualty down. If they feel weak and unsteady, position them on the floor. Clean the skin around the wound with wet sterile gauze or sterile non-alcoholic wipes and carefully remove any grit or dirt. Do not remove any embedded object. Elevate the injury to control any blood loss. Dry the wound with sterile gauze and apply a plaster or sterile dressing. Advise the parent or guardian of the child or infant to seek medical attention if necessary. PEFAP 001 7.1: Describe how to recognise and manage an infant and a child who is suffering from shock. After an initial adrenaline rush, the body withdraws blood from the skin in order to maintain the vital organs – and the oxygen supply to the brain drops. The infant or child will have: Pale, cold, clammy skin that is oftern grey-blue in colour, especially around the lips A rapid pulse, becoming weaker Shallow, fast breathing. In an infant The anterior fontanelle is drawn in (depressed). In an infant or a child may show: Unusual restlessness, yawning and gasping for air Thirst Loss of consciousness The treatment is the same for an infant and a child. If possible, ask someone to call an ambulance while you stay with the child . Lay the child down, keeping her head low to improve the blood supply to the brain. Treat any obvious cause, such as severe bleeding. Raise the child’s leg and support them with pillows or on a cushion on a pile of books. Loosen any tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist to help with the child/s breathing. For an infant: hold the infant on your lap while you loosen her clothing and offer comfort and reassurance. Cover the child with a blanket or coat to keep her warm. Never use a hot-water bottle or any other direct source of heat. Reassure the child: keep talking to her and monitoring her condition while you wait for the ambulance. If the infant or child loses consciousness, open her airway, check her breathing and be prepared to give rescue breaths. Do not give the child anything to eat or drink: if she complains of thirst, just moisten her lips with water. PEFAP 001 7.2: Describe how to recognise and manage an infant and a child who is suffering from anaphylactic shock. During an anaphylactic reaction, chemicals are released into the blood that widen (dilate) blood vessels and  cause blood pressure to fall. Air passages then narrow (constrict), resulting in breathing difficulties. In addition, the tongue and throat can swell, obstructing the airway. An infant or child with anaphylactic shock will need urgent medical help as this can be fatal. The following signs and symptoms may come all at once and the child may rapidly lose consciousness: High-pitched wheezing sound Blotchy, itchy, raised rash Swollen eyelids, lips and tongue Difficulty speaking, then breathing Abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea If you suspect an infant or child is suffering from anaphylactic shock, follow the steps below: Call an ambulance. If the child has had a reaction previously, she will have medication to take in case of more attacks. This should be given as soon as the attack starts, following the instructions closely. Help the child into a comfortable sitting position to relieve any breathing problems and loosen any tight clothing at her neck and waist. Comfort and reassure her while you wait for the ambulance. If the child loses consciousness, open her airway, check her breathing and be prepared to stat rescue breaths. PEFAP 001 6.2: Describe the types and severity of bleeding and the affect it has on an infant and a child. Even tiny a mounts of blood can seem like a lot to a child. Any bleeding may frighten children because they are too young to realise that the blood loss will stop when clotting occurs. When a child loses a large amount of blood, he or she may suffer shock or even become unconscious. Platelets and proteins come into contact with the injured site and plug the wound. This process begins within ten minutes if the loss of blood is brought under control. There are different types of bleeding: Bleeding from arteries : This will pump blood from the wound in time with the heartbeat and is bright re in colour. If the bleeding from a major artery will lead to shock, unresponsiveness and death within minutes. Bleeding from veins: The bold will gush from the wound or pool at the site of the wound. This will depend on the size of the vein that has been damaged. The blood will be dark red in colour due to the oxygen being depleted. Bleeding from  capillaries: Oozing at the site as with an abrasion or maybe internally from a bruising to muscle tissue and internal organs. PEFAP 001 6.3: Demonstrate the safe and effective management for the control of minor and major external bleeding. With minor bleeding from cuts and abrasions the emphasis is on keeping the wound clean and to control any blood loss. Wear disposable gloves Examine the injury for any embedded foreign objects Clean the injured area with cold water, using cotton wool or gauze Do not attempt to pick out pieces of gravel or grit from a graze. Just clean gently and cover with a light dressing if necessary Sit the child down if they feel weak and unsteady, position them on the floor. Elevate the injury to control any bold loss Record the injury and treatment in the Accident Report Book and make sure that the parents/carers of the child are in formed. When a child is bleeding severely, your main aim is to stem the flow of blood. With severe wounds and bleeding the emphasis is on controlling blood loss and treating for shock. Wear disposable gloves Sit or lay the child down on the floor to help prevent shock Examine the injury to establish the extent of the wound and to check for any foreign embedded objects Try to stop the bleeding: Apply direct pressure to the wound: use a dressing or a non-fluffy material, such as a clean tea towel Elevate the affected part if possible: if the wound is on an arm or leg, raise the injured limb above the level of the heart Apply a dressing: if the blood soaks through, do not remove the dressing, apply another on top and so on Support the injured part and treat the child for shock. Keep them warm and do not let them have anything to eat or drink Call 999/112 for an ambulance and monitor the child’s condition Contact the child’s parents or carers If the child loses consciousness, follow the ABC procedure for resuscitation Always record the incident and the treatment given in the Accident Report  Book. Always wear disposable gloves if in an early years setting, to prevent cross-infection.

We Need a Traditional Chinese Medicine Essay Example for Free

We Need a Traditional Chinese Medicine Essay Kelly Ross said, â€Å"The U. S. economy was broken long before the Crash of 2008, but its weakness was temporarily papered over by a real estate bubble in the Bush years. † (Ross, 2012) It seems like that we are experiencing a financial crisis right now, but the truth is that our economy system is weaker than what we thought. How do we resolve the underlying problems? Think about China, why is China doing so well? Cheaper labor cost, lager export, or huge householder savings? Anyway, let’s go into Chinese’ core values first and then figure out the reasons which may useful for us. The Confucius is the core of Chinese culture and he is also one of the earliest economists in China. His Confucian theory has been used by Chinese governments to control their people as long as thousands years. Here is the question for today. How does the Confucius’ economics become an antidote to our economic recession? First of all, let’s talk about the Confucius’ view of wealth. His theory is based on morality and it is also the foundation of his economic thought. According to Confucius, â€Å"Riches and honours are what men desire. If it cannot be obtained in the proper way, they should not be held. Poverty and meanness are what men dislike. If it cannot be avoided in the proper way, they should not be avoided† (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p 17. ) The Confucius is teaching his students that even though we all want to get wealth, but we cannot get it via sharp practice. We should think about â€Å"Yi(? )† first which comes before gain. â€Å"Yi† can be seen as the word â€Å"righteousness† in English which is also based upon the idea of reciprocity. This idea looks like an opposite idea of self-interest. On the other hand, Adam Smith told us that â€Å"self-interest is ‘good’† (Class ppt. Kuiper. ) Self-interest can stimulate economic growth in the short run but can also bring moral issues for a long term implication. Take a look at our economy today, there are many examples showed us that the lack of supervision is the most common reason for financial crises. What are wrong with our supervision system and moral cognition? We cannot obtain every single penny from the world. If so, our desire will never be satisfied and it can lead us to blot up the resource from our descendants in the future. Money is not the purpose of our life; it is only a tool that services our life. However, this is not meaning that we should avoid wealth. The Confucius said, â€Å"If the search for riches is sure to be successful, though I should become a groom with whip in hand to get them, I will do so. As the search may not be successful, I will follow after that which I love. † (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p. 38. ) From this sentence we can see that Confucius is perfervid to earn gain via being an official. Therefore, if it is the right way of getting gain, then he would love to do it, even only being a low- level official with physical labor. Moreover, The Confucius said, â€Å"The mind of the superior man is conversant with righteousness; the mind of the mean man is conversant with gain. † (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p 19. ) A gentleman should understand and familiar with righteousness. In the orientation of value, the first thing a gentleman should consider is â€Å"Yi†; also, for a gentlemans virtue and morality, â€Å"Yi† is the value of life and it is very important for Confucian. Therefore, virtue and morality will be the gentlemen’s first pursuit. In addition, the Confucianism is always in a moral and political perspective to deal with problems. The Confucius said, â€Å"If a superior love propriety, the people will not dare not to be reverent. If he loves righteousness, the people will not dare not to submit to his example. If he loves good faith, the people will not dare not to be sincere. Now, when these things obtain, the people from all quarters will come to him, bearing their children on their backs; what need has he of a knowledge of husbandry? † (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p. 76. ) From Confucius’ words, we can see that personality trait is most important in the Confucianism. If we can build a wonderful moral system, then we will be able to obtain a political stability, and then, to have a stabile economy. In addition, even though the economy is very tied to people lives and development, it still does not become above to the moral and politician’s primary task in the Confucian. That is an upside down relationship with what we thought today, because we all treat the economy as the most important part of our society. Furthermore, one of Confucius’s points of view is advocating a frugal society and stand against luxury. He thinks that if a government wants to govern the country well, then saving and reduce spending are most important. He said, â€Å"Administration is saving. † (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p. 72.) This is not meaning that spending it bad, but we should also do saving as well. Our earth needs a balance as well as we does. However, it is going to lead to a severer resource shortage if we do not change our spending behavior right now. In addition, the Confucius also encourages the government into universal education after they have a stabile economy. He thinks that in order to improve the quality of people we should improve the extent and quality of education, which is a sustaining way to keep our society stabile. According to The Analects of Confucius, â€Å"‘and when they have been enriched, what more shall be done? ’ The Master said, ‘Teach them. ’† (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p. 77. ) Therefore, we should make our education system stronger as well as our morality system. As economic globalization from today, we are not only need abundant economic resource as our supporter; we also need to be sustained with ideological and ethical system because that is the true basis of our life. Even though there are many different kind of economic activates, productive activate is still one of the most important activates. Also, the Confucius teaches his students that economic activities should be amenable to ethics. We should regain the time which is frugal. Don’t we be touched from him? In addition, here is a sentence shows an epitome of the Confucianism â€Å"There were four things which the Master taught, — letters, ethics, devotion of soul, and truthfulness. † (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p. 39. ) The Confucius also teaches his students that every choice, which related to praise or blame, and publicity or suppression, depends on whatever they conform to the establishment of the Confucian moral laws and political criterion. As Chinese economy growth today, we may try this â€Å"traditional Chinese medicine† which is from the Confucianism; see if it can help our economy to get better.

The Nature And Purpose Of Business Research

The Nature And Purpose Of Business Research Abstract: The paper seeks to demonstrate the importance of business research for the organizations in terms of marketing and collection of data. Various concepts of business research and its requirements have been thoroughly discussed in this paper. This research papers further explores the different methods and techniques for writing the business research. The classification of data and the limitations and reliability of each class has also been discussed. Finally, the other methods of data collection such as questionnaires, interviews and surveys are discussed to elaborate the concept of data collection. The paper, thus, seeks to identify the various ways of collecting data to carry out a business research in an effective and efficient manner. Introduction: A thorough, complete and well-organized research is the only tool for different organizations to get the overview of their targeted audience. Particularly in business related research, there are various research modules that are carried out in order to understand the marketing trends and patterns. For instance, what are the current needs and wants of the customers and clients in the market and how can the organization meet those needs in an easily accessible manner, the best prices for customers needs, how can you compete efficiently with your competitors and with whom you have to keep well collaborative terms (Bryman and Bell, 2007, p.33). Therefore, there are different research methods depending on the requirements of an individual organization: Planning a Research: The basic step in order to plan a research related to any purpose of any organization depends heavily on what are the requirements of that organization. Thus, you must know your primary objectives that would help you collect the relevant data and information and makes you design a well-organized and precisely targeted research plan. These objectives may include, a current frequent complaint by customers regarding a particular product or service, need to improve a particular service for customers, need to get a high amount of loan from a bank or a fund provider, and the like (Sumner, 2005). Thus, deciding your objectives at first will not only improve the efficiency of your research, but also save you lots of time that you might have spent researching random objectives. Here are the top ten factors that should be kept in mind in order to bring out the best possible plan for any research: You should be precise about the sole objective of the research. You should know before planning research that what goals you want to achieve, what objectives are there that you want to pursue through this research. The clearer you are in your approach, the better results you will most likely get. What will be the information regarding a particular product or service that will make you take the correct decision. For instance, the weakness and strength of a product or service, the failure of a particular product, etc. The audience of the research is another critical factor for carrying out any kind of research. You should be aware of what audience you are going to target for a particular research. The audience may include customers, employees, shareholders, fund provider, bankers, etc. The source of information is also a very crucial part of any research. The research that will provide you information can depend on your objects as it may have consumers, employees, managers, etc. You should also know the deadline for a particular research. As a deadline helps keep the research precise to a particular time only. You should also be aware about the sources that would collect the data and information from different audience. How much can you afford to conduct a research? How much time you are ready to spend in conducting the research? Last but certainly not the least, what will be the methods of collecting information or conducting the research itself. These methods may include, interviews, observation of the targeted audience, case studies, listening, surveys, and the like. Nature and purpose of business research: No hard and fast rules can be described in order to express the purpose of a business research. The reason is simple; each business research depends on the situation and the person or organization that is carrying out the research. However, only one thing is sure that the general purpose of any business research is to get success in the future. It is an undeniable fact that every individual or organization enters the market hoping to gain massive profits. Thus, the primary objective of any business research can be explained as an attempt to improve the sales and income ratio of the company (Hair et al, 2011, p. 82). In addition, it helps the government agencies in obtaining a sort of financial support (Gravetter and Forzano, 2008, p.495). Therefore, conducting a business research will let you understand the trend of the market and what are the needs of the markets and if you would be able to respond to those needs in an efficient manner. You will have to sell only such products or services that the market requires; otherwise, you will have no sale at all. As it is the first rule of entering any market along with your business that never enter a market without knowing each and everything about it. Hence, you should make sure that everything is planned out for even worse of the scenarios. However, if you have done a thorough research, then you can have massive gain in profit in near future. Methods of writing a research proposal: There are various types of research proposal depending on the needs of the research and its purpose. Writing a research proposal for a business is one of those proposals that require a great deal of skills in order to achieve the desired results. The exact research proposal of each organization is different according to its needs and objectives. However, the basic outline can stay the same for almost all the business research proposals (Gravetter and Forzano, 2008, p.495). Title The title of a business research proposal should be attractive enough to catch the attention of the readers in instance of a second and make them curious. However, it should be short and concise, but informative to give an overview picture of the research. Abstract Different sections of the research proposal should be summarized in 3-4 sentences that should relate to the general objective of the research. The key points and facts and figures of a research should be the part of this section. Introduction The introductory part of a research proposal is another important aspect of the proposal. It should state the research purpose in the business context. However, there are two important theses in the introduction. The opening thesis should state the problem properly for which the research is being conducted and expected to be resolved through the research. Meanwhile, the thesis statement should state the expected outcome and the measures that get decided as a result of the research. Features of literature review The literature review of a research proposal is the heart and soul of the research. The feature of literature review is that it justifies and gives arguments to conduct research in the future and shows the already possessed knowledge by the writer ((Bryman and Bell, 2007, p.94). Thus, the core purpose of literature review is that the writer of the research proposal have carried out an extensive research and grasped a large area of the knowledge regarding the research and that the writer is well-aware of the problems and have learned the new theories and patterns. On the other hand, literature review should be strong enough to show a massive gap between the theory or business practice. Methods This section of the research proposal should provide a thorough outline of the activities and methods that the writer have planned to carry out during the research. If the writer of the research wants to achieve success in a research proposal, the methods should be discussed and analyzed that can be used to collect data, information, facts and figures from different source. The top three primary activities for conducting a research are to do surveys, have face-to-face interviews and have focused groups. On the other hand, the sources for secondary activities may be market reports, financial and legal documents, executive publication, etc. Nevertheless, the focus on this section should be on the time to complete any particular activity, materials, script for interviews, etc. All in all, the more thorough and descriptive the data are, the better will be the research proposal. Conclusion The conclusion of a research proposal should state a brief review of all the aspects of the research including the problems, the activities going to be used to counter them and the methods that will benefit a business in theory and in practice (McNabb, 2010, p. 126). Planning a literature search It is always a tricky task to plan a literature search to grasp the relevant, adequate and up-to-date literature. Making sure this thing will actually help you compare your current literature search with the ones that has been conducted in the past. It can really be a time-consuming task for any student. However, if you plan well ahead, then the chance of wrapping it up quickly increases (Hart, 2001). Meanwhile, the best way to bring out everything out of your mind is to use the brainstorming technique. Thus, start your research without concentrating on a single objective and does the literature search from a broader aspect. You can then plan your strategy for the search and then reexamine it with friends or your tutor. Further, you should keep the following information with you, when you are going to discuss with your tutor: The parameters of the literature search should be well explained in an organized manner. The collected databases and the number of different search engines you used to carry out the search. The keywords that you targeted along with the terms or phrases you used for searching purpose. What are the criteria that you have used in search of your literature and the basis on which you collected different data and information? Different approaches to research There are different approaches to conduct a research related to any aspects of life. Few of the most important and crucial approaches to conduct a research are explained below: Primary Research: Primary research is the most widely used approach to conduct a research. It includes the construction and conduction of different surveys, interviews, questioners, etc. to the top-notch people of media and different industries having a diary of log of data. For instance, this research may be about observing what women or men have been doing on television for a whole week. Therefore, the research can be extensive, complex and difficult to conduct. Hence, it requires a much more committed and dedicated efforts to conduct the research. However, if your research is an extensive and thorough project or assignment, then these kinds of researches can be the best available option in terms of choosing a method to conduct a research (Norris and Ortega, 2006). Secondary Print and Multimedia Sources: This method of conducting a research is less complicated and easy to carry out. It deals with the collection of data and information from print media like newspapers, books. Printed statistics issued by different organizations, etc. and from multimedia like radio, television, etc. Hence, these sources can provide a very firm base for statistics, remarks, interviews, collected research details and so many of the other valuable information. Since, most of the part of the research in this approach is collected by these resources and hence makes the job fairly easy enough to just organize the information and present it in a professional manner. Secondary Online Sources: This kind of method of conducting a research can be a tricky one. Most of the people can do a thorough research online, but they will have to compare the information and the source of information as well. Since, most people believe whatever they see online, but it is not entirely true. A website stating a fact or figure does not mean it is true, as there are millions of fake websites roaming around online. Thus, only the official websites can provide the real fact and figures about different surveys and researches conducted at an official level. However, it can be difficult for people to differentiate between a fake and an official website, but the doubt can be put to rest by watching the URL. If a website ends up with an extension like .edu, .ac, .org, etc. then the website is of an official level. Meanwhile, any regular website or blog cannot be termed as an official until or unless confirmed by contacting them. However, these sources provide a good base for the data collection and it is relatively easier to collect the data through these sources (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008). Comparison: After collecting different data and information from different sources, you need to compare and analyze them. One cannot simply rely on something that he found on television, book or anywhere before getting any further information via different sources. Thus, comparison and analysis of the already collected information is an important part to conduct an efficient research. Therefore, we can conclude that the collection and evaluation of the secondary that is the first pre requisite for the collection of the primary data (Malhotra, 2008). Definition of Secondary Data: Secondary data is a form of data that is readily available from the internal and external sources of the organization. Due to the frequent availability of this data within or from outside the organization, this form of data is much cheaper to obtain as compared to the primary data which may involve a lot of resources for the collection of data (Saunders, 2003). Sources of Secondary Data: There are two main sources for the collection of secondary data which are discussed below: Internal Sources: The Internal sources may include the internal experts, the reports that have been put forward by the organizations and also the internal conditions of the organization. All these things greatly facilitate the researcher to carry on his research after having an overview of the internal factors and internal knowledge of the organization (Winer, 2007). External Sources: The external sources reside outside the organization and the collection of data from the external sources is much more difficult as compared to the internal sources. This is due to the fact that data is huge and is spread on a wider scale. Thus its not an easy task to select some particular sources that may be helpful for the completion of the research. The external sources may well include government and non government publications along with the syndicate services like survey and mail delivery panel (Winer, 2007). Advantages of Secondary data There are quite a few advantages that have been associated with the collection of the secondary data. As previously mentioned, it is not only economical but also save a lot of effort and time. It give the researcher a complete overview of his research and after the collection of the secondary data the user is well aware of the deficiencies in data that are still there which can be overcome with the help of primary sources. This data mainly concentrates on providing a way to the researcher to understand the problem statement in a more efficient and comprehensive way (Saunders, 2003). Limitations of Secondary Research Apart from the above mentioned disadvantages, there are some limitations of secondary data as well which are associated with the secondary researches that also need to be kept in mind. When going for the secondary data, the accuracy issue might be a substantial one. It is not really assured that the data obtained from the secondary research is of accurate nature. Thus one cannot go blindly on the results obtained from the secondary research. These results can be important but surely not the final one. It is also an issue that data from secondary research may be outdated due to the fact that the secondary data is generally obtained from the employees within or outside the organization. Thus there is a chance that the information can be obsolete. Keeping this in view, it is strongly recommended that secondary research should be carried out; however the results cannot be deduced by seeing the results of this research alone. The final results should be the combined effect of the secondar y as well as the primary research (Saunders, 2003). Evaluating the Secondary Data While evaluating the secondary data, there are some essential requirements that need to be satisfied before going for that particular secondary data. These are: Availability: It has to been seen that whether that secondary data for which one is going is easily accessible or not. Relevance: The data which one is going to use should meet the requirements of the research to be carried out. The concepts should be same as that of the proposed research and also the units used are not outdated. Accuracy: This is an important factor which should be considered before going for the secondary data. For finding the accuracy of the data the user can determine the margin of error, the dependability of that particular source and finally the authenticity of that data. If all these three conditions are satisfied then the data can be termed as accurate enough to be used for the research. Sufficiency: Finally there is a sufficiency factor. The data that is available should be sufficient enough to cover all the desired topics Sampling of Primary Data: The data which is never taken before and is collected by the researchers on the first hand is known as primary data. The data which is obtained as a result of primary research may be huge and needs to be filter out in order to make it more rational for the research. This process of filtering out is known as the sampling of the primary data. In the sampling process, one makes sure that which group will provide the best information. Obviously there are a lot of groups; thus sampling is important in the collection of the primary data (Hodges and Videto, 2010, p-98). There are a large number of benefits that are associated with the process of sampling of the data. First of all accuracy is one of the main benefit that can be assured after the sampling of the primary data. One can also increase the scope of the data by this strategy. When sampling is being done, the researcher is supposed to question specific group of people as stated by the aims and objectives of the research. In this scenario, gathering the data from limited number of groups will provide a way to the user to better concentrate on his required objectives. Using of samples may also decrease the errors in the collected data as the researcher is now only focused towards specific community as a result of sampling. Thus the margin of error will be minimized in the process of sampling (Hodges and Videto, 2010, p-98). The sampling frame is an important term in this regard which includes the list of all those people from which the sample is going to be taken. It is better to make a new list for the research as the already existing list which may include schools student lists, call center lists etc might be outdated and hence cant be used. The researcher needs to update the previously made list and add the new list of peoples to form a complete sampling frame (Hodges and Videto, 2010, p-98). Data Collection by Observation In the last couple of centuries, the collection of the data by observation is of particular interest especially in the collection of scientific data. The world of science is doing their research majorly on the basis of the observation of the scientists. Thus most of the scientists collect the relevant data on the basis of observation. However in the present age, the most of the research is being done in the field of sociological sciences in which majority of the research is based on the other data collection methods. Data Collection by Interviews: Data collection with the help of interviews is an important strategy that is being used by most of the researchers. Interview is an effective mean of data collection which is well suited for assessing the behavioral characteristics. The interviews are of flexible nature and can be taken in variety of different scenarios. It is the only way that enables the researcher to have direct conversation. After having an interview the researcher comes in a better position to know more about the problems, challenges and the limitations of that particular organization. This will obviously assist him in carrying out the research in a better way (Brown, 2006, p.162). Semi-structured and in depth Interviews Semi-structured interview is a type of interview that is carried out by using an interview guide. The guide contains the questions that need to be discussed during the interview in order to have maximum benefit from the interview. This is actually a kind of pre-planned interview which is meant for short time. The interview is often considered to somehow superior than the survey due to the fact that the answerer is not restricted anymore to limit his answer whereas in case of survey there are specific options to choose from. Thus an interview gives a sense of freedom to a person to express his/her views in a more convincing way (Geerlings, J. n.d., p.28). Collecting Data by Questionnaires Data collection by questionnaires along with interviews is probably the most commonly used method for the data collection. The questionnaire is basically a set of different questions that is put forward by the researcher in order to gain maximum information about the subject. Some basic types of questionnaires that are being used are Postal questionnaires, Online, Face to face and also telephonic questionnaires. While carrying out the research it is important for the researcher to be aware of the fact that whether the questionnaire is the right mean for the collection of data or not. Questionnaires are usually appropriate for those scenarios where data required is relatively simple, quantitative in nature and required from large number of people (Gratton and Jones, 2010). Questionnaire design A questionnaire is an organized technique that is used to conduct research by collecting the primary data in a survey. Questionnaire can be of any form, i.e. verbal or written. However, the basic goal of designing a Questionnaire is to encourage the respondent to provide accurate and complete information (Brace, 2008). Although questionnaire is the primary tool for collecting data, but there are other components as well that make a research complete and accurate. These components may include, developing a reward system for the respondents, communication methods, field-work, and the like. Basic steps for designing a Questionnaire: The process of designing a questionnaire is a step by step method which should be carried out with a great care (Stevens, 2006, p. 139). No matter which research you are pursuing, but a well-organized and professionally design questionnaire should possess the following guidelines: The first and foremost thing that should be kept in mind before designing a questionnaire is that you should determine the actual information you are looking for and put that in front of you all the time to keep the track in check. The more target information you try to seek, the better will be the outcome of the whole questionnaire. You should determine which form of answers you will provide as an option in a questionnaire to the respondents. The sequence of the questions should make sense and form a fluent flow to keep the respondent interested in the questionnaire. General question material should be put aside and determined to obtain the desired information. One of the most important steps is to determine what kind of question structure and methods of administrating a questionnaire should be used. You should be collecting a set of questions that can bring out more and more information from a respondent without making them bored. Meanwhile, the medium of administrating a questionnaire is a crucial step as well. For instance, a long questionnaire over a telephone call will not give you any proper information, but annoy the respondent. Qualitative data and its reliability Reliability is one of the major characteristics for determining the quality of the data collected and observed. The idea is used in almost all kinds of research. Therefore, a good qualitative data can give a huge boost to the quality of the research. Similarly, a less reliable qualitative data will blur the real picture of the situation and can become immensely confusing. However, the different between the qualitative and the quantitative research that makes the concept of reliability irrelevant in the qualitative research (Silverman, 2006). Meanwhile, there were three questions by Patton (2001) for the credibility of the qualitative research; here are those questions that were raised against the reliability of the qualitative data: What assumptions are taken? What approach and strategy was used to keep the validity, accuracy and integrity of the findings in check? What experience and qualification does the researcher possess that could help the course of the survey? Presenting and analysing data Presenting and analyzing the collected data is the most crucial part of any research (Israel, 2008). Even if the data you collected is reliable and has a good credibility, but the analysis goes wrong, then the whole research will become of no use. Therefore, the data should be organized and the analysis should be made in a decent sequence. First, before you start the analyzing questionnaires, interviews, statistics, etc. you should review the basic reason behind carrying out the whole research itself. For instance, if the reason behind conducting research for you is to improve a particular product or service, then the analysis should be made accordingly, i.e. the strong points, weak points and the suggestions to improve the product or service. On the other hand, if the basic reason behind the survey is to analyze the mechanism of your program, then the customers, clients, employees, etc. should go through your program. Basic analysis presentation of data of Quantitative Information The basic analysis and presentation of Quantitative Information can be performed by the following guidelines: First of all, backup of information collected is a must. Make copies of the data and use the copied version of the data in order to make changes, edit or improve the data. Giving answers in range looks a more sophisticated way to present the data. For example, 10 of the 50 people were ranked on the 1st place. Calculating a mean or average of the data collected is a much more organized manner to show ratings and rankings. An average of 30.7 seems much more professional then quoting the exact figures four, five times. It is important to use tabular form to present the data in terms of ratings and rankings. However, a yes or a no answer should be placed next to each question. Basic analysis presentation of data of Qualitative Information The basic analysis and presentation of Qualitative Information can be performed by the following guidelines: Re-read the complete data and review if there are any mistakes. Strong point, weakness and suggestion should all be labeled accordingly to make it presentable. Once the qualitative data is collected, the next step is a very critical one that is to analyze the data. You should keep a close eye on the data and analyze it thoroughly to form different patterns, trends, similarity, association or any kind of relationships between the two terms. For instance, people of age 30 or less liked music more than the older ones, etc. Never discard the only conducted research, as you might need it for future references or research. The Final Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data The final analysis presentation of data for conclusion is the heart and soul of a research. It shows what your goals were and what you achieved through conducting the research. Thus, a professional looking, well-organized evaluation of the research should be presented to the companys employees and managers to improve the products and service of the organization (If the survey was conducted for the evaluation of the products and services of a company). Show brief information about what results you expected and what was the result that you found? If it was a performance evaluation research, make sure to label the good and the bad of the performance according to the research. If it was a program evaluation, then give a proper place to the peoples experience section and try to learn the common findings from the experience of people who took part in the research. After the complete interpretation of the collected data and information, a reporting result should be presented expressing concerns, recommendations and the association of different facts and figures that could help the cause of the survey. Conclusion: In this modern era, the need of carrying out a business research to sort out different problems which an organization may face as well as to determine the reliability and effectiveness of a particular project has become extremely vital. Business research, however, need to be carried out in an effective and efficient manner to draw accurate results. The most important part of the business research is the data collection. Primary data and secondary data are the two categories in which the data can be classified. For accurate results, it is requisite that both primary data and secondary data should be considered. Data can be collected through various ways such as interviews, surveys and questionnaires. Whatever the method of data collection is, it should be ensured that the results are drawn out after the careful analysis of all the available data.

Terrorism and the Effects on Security Policies Essay -- Terrorism

â€Å"No state responds to a terrorist campaign without changing its institutions and hence society itself, even if only slightly,† Stephen Sobieck states in his chapter on Democratic Responses to International Terrorism in Germany. Politically motivated terrorism struck the heart of both Germany and Italy in the 1970’s and 1980’s causing each state to do exactly what Sobieck stated. Both countries, unfortunately, suffered severe casualties, infrastructure damage, and threats from right and left wing terrorist organizations triggering these countries to adopt policy changes. This included a restructured legislation, the addition of new laws, and the modification current laws. Both countries political agendas and perceptions caused significant complications affecting each state’s ability to handle the rising threat. Germany’s political setting suffered intense rivalry between the two levels of government: the Bund (national government) and the La nder (states). Italy had similar political struggles on the perception and ideology of terrorism impacting the country. The dominated Christian Democratic Party (DC), whose primary goal was to pleas the public opinion, viewed terrorism based off political interests. The two rival parties, whose strength grew towards the end of the 1970s, included the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and the Movimento Sociale Italaino party (MSI). It took the Italian political classes five years to alert themselves seriously to the problem of terrorism. With the issues facing the political parties, both countries inappropriately utilized their security forces. Each state had qualified and effective security units that were essentially ineffective to the political agendas faced within the country. The GSG... ...changing their societies. Works Cited Stephen M. Sobieck, â€Å"Democratic Responses to International Terrorism in Germany,† in David A. Charters (ed.), The Deadly Sin of Terrorism: Its Effect on Democracy and Civil Liberties in Six Countries, 66. Luciana Stortoni-Wortmann, â€Å"The Police Response to Terrorism in Italy from 1969 to 1983,† in Reinares (ed.), European Democracies Against Terrorism, 148. Donatella della Porta, â€Å"Institutional Responses to Terrorism: The Italian Case,† Terrorism and Political Violence, 4: 4, 1992, 156-158. John E. Finn, Constitutions in Crisis. Political Violence and the Rule of Law, 211. Sobieck, â€Å"Democratic Responses to International Terrorism in Germany,† 53. Stortoni-Wortmann, â€Å"The Police Response to Terrorism,† 151. Ibid., 156-157. Sobieck, â€Å"Democratic Responses to International Terrorism in Germany,† 60-61.

Fashion In The 20th Century Essay -- History Clothing Style Fashion Es

Fashion In The 20th Century Fashion is said to be evolutionary and not revolutionary. This was not true in the 20th century. Fashion revolutionized America and the rest of the world during this time period. Also, during this time period fashion evolved tremendously. New fabrics and innovations were introduced to America. When World War I came about, people had to sacrifice their clothing for the men at war and they dressed more conservative. Christian Dior changed all of that when he came out with the â€Å"New Look.† This look consisted of draped gowns with a lot of fabric being used. What Christian Dior was basically saying was that we should not have to sacrifice how we dress. In the 20th century, new synthetic fibers were invented, making new fabrics come to life like rayon and polyester. New technology changed many different ways we made our garments toward printing and construction. Of course the 20th century started out in the 1900’s. The silhouette of the female was made up of the pigeon-breasted bosom, tiny corseted waist, and full, swayback hips. There were many common designs in this era. One was a white, high-necked, trimmed cotton blouse with a heavier, dark shirt. Another was tailor-made jackets and skirts for working women. Most of the fabrics available were mostly natural fibers like cotton, silk, linen, and wool. Daywear was most often in shades of white, brown, and black, commonly in a small figured or floral print. Eveningwear consisted of lightweight silks in sometimes brighter solids or light-colored hazy prints. In this particular period, fancy trim meant status. Trim was very excessive as possible on shoulders, waist, and the lower half of the skirt. Items used included were lace, embroidery, jet beading, flowers, ribbon, and net. All of the hemlines reached the floor. Sergers were first introduced in this era. In 1910, most of the influence for fashion came from designer Paul Poiret and Eastern influence. Daywear silhouette included a head-to-ankle coverage with lowered necklines for the first time ever in decades. The primary silhouette was a straight, squarish outline with low hips. Common designs were long, ethnic influenced tunics with a skirt and waist sash, and horizontal layered appearance in skirt or vertical wrap effect on tailored jacket-and-skirt sets and dresses. Rayon was invented and used. Also used wer... ...isure to eveningwear, but natural fibers were still used with the organic flower child look. Loud and clashing colors were now in everyday fashion prints, from conservative to wild. Swirling psychedelic prints, dotted with flowers, medallions, and geometric shapes were popular. There was widespread use of designer names and labels as an incentive to shoppers, marketing everything from clothing to luggage with designers such as Geoffrey Beene and Christian Dior. No matter what decade or century you are in, fashion is going to change. People make fashion change and evolve through the decades with different events that happen. Early on, it was the designers who decided what men and women wore. Through the decades it became evident that we should choose and decide what we should wear to incorporate our environment. Women basically decided that they were the rulers of fashion and that they make fashion what it is today. Why shouldn’t they choose? Of course fashion is here to stay, so, I wonder what we would be wearing in the 22nd century? Sources Cited: Vintage Vixen Clothing Co. Fashion History. 1997-2005. Vintage Vixen. 20 Apr. 2005. http://www.vintagevixen.com/history

Atlas Shrugged - Iser and Bakhtin on the Closed Text Essay -- Atlas Sh

Atlas Shrugged - Iser and Bakhtin on the Closed Text The process of reading places the author, text, and reader into a dynamic relationship in which, through a fusion of the author's literary vision and the reader's creativity, the text is transformed into an informative and enjoyable experience. This process is especially apparent in the novel form. As the theorist Wolfgang Iser states, a novel must be "conceived in such a way that it will engage the readers imagination in the task of working things out for himself, for reading is only a pleasure when it is active and creative" (Iser 51). Similarly, another theorist and philosopher, Mikhail Bakhtin, argues that within a novel an author creates numerous different voices and languages, each of which contributes to the dynamic reading process; every word and sentence has a context both inside and outside of the novel. Though there are many other theories regarding reader-response, these two form a cohesive definition of the process: Iser's theory broadly explains the interaction-or inter section-of the three components in the process, while Bakhtin's theory explains the specific subjectivity of the novel language. Both of these theories, however, rely on the basic assumption that all texts are intended to be interpretable; that is, in the words of Umberto Eco, that all texts are 'open'. Eco describes an 'open' text as one that attempts to force the reader "into an interplay of stimulus and response which depends on his unique capacity for sensitive reception of the piece" (Eco 49). In essence, an open text invites the reader to fuse his own unique experiences with that of the text to form an interpretation that is his own. Conversely, Eco also describes an antithesis to the... ...tes reader anticipation. Thus, one must conclude that while Eco's theory is fascinating and may very well have a solid basis outside of the novel form, it is impossible for a novel to be closed; though the author's intentions bay be set in stone, the reader's intentions certainly never will be. A novel, by virtue of being a novel, will always be more open than closed. Works Cited Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Diologic Imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981. Eco, Umberto. The Role of the Reader: Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1979. Iser, Wolfgang. "The Reading Process: A Phenomenological Approach." Published in Tompkins, Jane P. ed., Reader-Response Criticism: From Formalism to Post-Structuralism. Maryland: John Hopkins UP, 1980. Rand, Ayn. Atlas Shrugged. New York: Penguin Books USA, Inc., 1957. Â  

Keeping Appointments Essay

Doctor’s appointments are missed each and every day by people who either forget to show up or choose not to call and cancel their appointment. This article will look at some of the reasons why it is important to try to and keep doctor’s appointment and what to do if you must cancel. At my previous doctor’s surgery (office) in the UK, the surgery would regularly post the latest numbers of people who had not shown up for their doctor’s appointments. I was amazed at the staggering amount of people who failed to show up for their appointments. It was not just a few individuals who did not show up. A large number of people regularly missed their scheduled doctor’s appointments. If you are a receptionist it can be very frustrating to work under these conditions. You will have to call patients when it is their turn to see the doctor and be left standing when no one appears. Then you must inform the doctor that the patient did not show up. One of the reasons why it is best to try and keep your doctor’s appointment is because it is the polite thing to do. Would you arrange a job interview with a company you were serious about working for but then fail to show up? It is highly unlikely. Yet, members of the medical profession routinely have to deal with patients who do not show up for their appointments. It is also important to keep your appointment if you will be receiving the results of blood tests, and other test results that will determine your medical condition. This in turn will help doctors see what the next step should be in your courseof treatment. If you miss the appointment, you are not only wasting your doctor’s time. You could also place your health at risk if you do not start your treatment as quickly as possible. Sometimes, it is just not possible to keep a doctor’s appointment. It may clash with a business meeting at work or your child’s emergency visit to the dentist’s. If you can, try to inform your doctor’s surgery of the cancellation 24 hours in advance. But if that is not possible, let them know as soon as you can. That way, your appointment slot can be given to someone else who may be in need of a last minute appointment. Keep in mind that breaking an appointment without first calling to cancel can prevent someone else from being seen and it wastes the time of doctors and the rest of the team.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Large Populations

The meaning of CPI (Consumer Price Index) is a measure of how the price of goods and services changes over a period of time. Real GDP per capita means calculating the average income per person in a year. Cost of Living simply means the amount of money we use to live by everyday like, the money we paid for food, taxes, see doctor, and petrol for cars. While Standard of Living means the quality and how people are able to afford of housing, luxurious or non-luxurious living. Different levels of wealth and comfort ability.The advantages of having a large population are an increase in a country’s wealth, more demands hence, causes a growth in economy as well as, rising of income per household. Benefiting larger families, with more money to spend for example, travelling and ability to purchase more stuff. If there are larger population in a country, it also means more money will go into the country’s capital for example, paying of taxes and household bills to the governments. Having a large population doesn’t mean it is an advantage too.There are definitely disadvantages of having a large population in a country, like a shortage in properties, demanding of a rise in salaries and also shortage of resources. The real GDP for China in year 2011 was $7. 318 trillion USD, while the real GDP for Singapore was $239. 7 billion USD. Real GDP per capita for China was 8,500 USD while Singapore was 60,500 USD. There will be pros and cons of Cost of Living in China as China is a big country and difficult to maintain.China has a total population of 1,344,130,000. As mentioned above, that the advantages of having a large population in a country may increase the wealth of the country as well as the economy. Demanding for Standard of Living for example, asking for bigger houses or space if there’s a big family. However, Singapore is a very small country with a population of only 5,184,000. Cost of Living is so much higher as Singapore is the smallest count ries in the world and that makes it easier to maintain as compared to China.More will demand on Standard of Living because Singapore is small and if, there are going to be new members joining in the family they will probably need to have a much bigger space to live. Singapore is also known as one of the richest country in the world. Thus, Standard of Living is high. Consumers demanding for better clothing, food and living environment. It is because Singapore is a small country and the country does not have to spend more money on maintenance except for upgrading and that makes more Singaporeans to be rich hence, Standard of Living is high.